Prognostic analysis of related factors of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and establishment of a nomogram model

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

Research background

Different to morbidity and mortality worldwide, the incidence of gastric cancer in China ranks second, and mortality due to malignant tumors in China ranks third, which has obvious regional characteristics. Most patients with gastric cancer have local or distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, and there is no chance of surgical cure. Their survival can only be prolonged by comprehensive treatment, including palliative chemotherapy or targeted drug therapy. However, the benefits of this type of therapy are limited, with a median survival of only approximately 1 year.

Research motivation

In advanced gastric cancer, traditional treatment has limited effect. However, with the emergence of immunotherapy, there is new hope. Immunotherapy has brought hope of longer survival in advanced gastric cancer patients, but its accompanying adverse reactions have also caused concern. In-depth exploration of the factors related to the adverse reactions of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer and prediction of its prognosis will not only help optimize the treatment plan, but also improve the quality of life of patients.

Research objectives

This study aimed to construct a precise nomogram model to analyze the causes of adverse immunotherapy reactions. We believe that this study can provide a strong scientific basis for clinical practice, illuminate the way forward for advanced gastric cancer patients, and allow better treatment outcomes.

Research methods

This study used a variety of research methods such as a literature review, clinical observation and statistical analysis. First of all, through the literature review, the relevant studies on adverse reactions of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer were systematically reviewed to clarify the current status and shortcomings of the research. On this basis, combined with clinical observation, the case data of patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving immunotherapy were collected and the adverse reactions were recorded in detail. Furthermore, statistical analyses were used to examine the collected data and analyze the correlation between adverse reactions and patients’ clinical characteristics and treatment methods. Finally, a nomogram model was established to evaluate the prognostic factors related to adverse reactions.

Research results

From the in-depth study of the adverse reactions of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer, it was found that the patient’s age, treatment mode, tumor stage and other factors were closely related to the occurrence of adverse reactions. The results of statistical analyses showed that these factors had a significant impact on the prognosis. Based on these results, we successfully constructed a nomogram model to provide an intuitive and quantitative prognostic assessment tool for clinicians.

Research conclusions

We constructed a nomogram model to provide a quantitative prognostic assessment tool for clinicians. Therefore, during immunotherapy of advanced gastric cancer, individual differences in patients should be fully considered, and targeted treatment programs should be formulated to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and improve the quality of life of patients.

Research perspectives

A nomogram model was established to investigate the related factors of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients. In the future, we expect to further expand the sample size, optimize the model parameters, and improve the prediction accuracy. At the same time, the research results were combined with clinical practice to provide patients with more personalized and accurate treatment plans. In addition, exploring new immunotherapies to reduce adverse reactions and improve the therapeutic effect in advanced gastric cancer is an important research direction in the future.