Importance of diet and intestinal microbiota in the prevention of colorectal cancer - colonoscopy early screening diagnosis

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a term used to describe colon and rectal cancer, which is the third most common type of cancer. A MEDLINE and PubMed search resulted in the inclusion of manuscripts written in the last 10 years, using keywords relevant to the topic of the manuscript. By analyzing the aim of the searched studies and manuscripts, adequate articles were included that described the stated problem. The frequency of colorectal cancer varies with climate, nutrition, and many other factors, primarily endogenous, hereditary, intestinal microbiome, as well as external factors, such as exposure of the individual to stress, and bad eating habits. Colon cancer and rectal cancer or colorectal cancer in general in the early stages of the disease, may not show symptoms or are barely noticeable. Colorectal cancer symptoms will most often not develop until the disease has progressed to stage 2 or beyond. Regular screening tests for colon or rectal cancer, especially colonoscopy, are recommended as part of a regular checkup for people aged 50 years or younger who are at high risk due to a family history of the disease or other cancers. Diet and colonoscopy as an early screening method play an important role in the prevention of colorectal cancer

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Causes; Symptoms; Screening; Diet and colonoscopy

Core Tip: Consuming a smaller amount of fatty, fried food, salted and smoked foods with the intake of more fruits and vegetables, as well as foods rich in folic acid (beans, wheat germ, asparagus) and calcium changes the intestinal microbiome, reducing the inflammatory process at the level of the intestinal mucosa, and thus the occurrence of colorectal carcinoma. Undoubtedly, colonoscopy is important in the diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer.