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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jun 15, 2024; 16(6): 2362-2379
Published online Jun 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2362
Therapeutic strategies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in metastatic colorectal cancer
Yi Zhou, Shuang Wu, Fan-Jie Qu
Yi Zhou, Shuang Wu, Fan-Jie Qu, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dalian Third People’s Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
Author contributions: Zhou Y initiated the work and designed the idea; Qu FJ, Wu S, and Zhou Y prepared and collected the material and data; Zhou Y and Qu FJ wrote the paper. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the senior authors or other coauthors who contributed their efforts in this manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Fan-Jie Qu, Doctor, MD, Chief Physician, Professor, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dalian Third People’s Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 40 Qianshan Road, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China. wyb960419@163.com
Received: December 7, 2023
Peer-review started: December 7, 2023
First decision: February 6, 2024
Revised: February 13, 2024
Accepted: April 1, 2024
Article in press: April 1, 2024
Published online: June 15, 2024
Processing time: 190 Days and 20.8 Hours
Abstract

More than 1.9 million new colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and 935000 deaths were estimated to occur worldwide in 2020, representing about one in ten cancer cases and deaths. Overall, colorectal ranks third in incidence, but second in mortality. More than half of the patients are in advanced stages at diagnosis. Treatment options are complex because of the heterogeneity of the patient population, including different molecular subtypes. Treatments have included conventional fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, etc. In recent years, with the development of genetic testing technology, more and more targeted drugs have been applied to the treatment of CRC, which has further prolonged the survival of metastatic CRC patients.

Keywords: Metastatic colorectal cancer, Epidermal growth factor receptor, B-type RAF mutation, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene wild type, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene G12C mutation, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression/ amplification

Core Tip: This review focuses on therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in metastatic colorectal cancer, mainly including: (1) Treatment targeting rat sarcoma (RAS) status, including RAS wild type, maintenance therapy with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, anti-EGFR re-challenge therapy, treatment targeting NoeRAS and Kirsten RAS viral oncogene G12C mutations; (2) treatment for patients with B-type RAF mutations; and (3) treatment targeting human EGFR2 amplification or overexpression.