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©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis of unlabeled and unstained histopathological tissue specimens
Haruo Ikeda, Hiroaki Ito, Muneaki Hikita, Noriko Yamaguchi, Naoyuki Uragami, Noboru Yokoyama, Yuko Hirota, Miki Kushima, Yoichi Ajioka, Haruhiro Inoue
Haruo Ikeda, Naoyuki Uragami, Haruhiro Inoue, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
Hiroaki Ito, Noriko Yamaguchi, Noboru Yokoyama, Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
Muneaki Hikita, Stem Cell Business Development Department, Nikon Corporation, Sakae-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2448533, Japan
Yuko Hirota, Miki Kushima, Department of Pathology, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
Yoichi Ajioka, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 9518510, Japan
Author contributions: Ikeda H and Ito H conceived and designed the study, collected clinical data, collected samples, performed the statistical analysis, and interpreted the data; Hikita M performed Raman spectroscopic analysis; Yamaguchi N, Uragami N, and Yokoyama N performed medical examinations and surgical operations; Hirota Y and Kushima M performed pathological examinations; Ajioka Y and Inoue H participated in the study design and coordination; all authors have read and approved the final paper.
Supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), through two JSPS KAKENHI Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), No. JP26460688 and JP17K09022.
Institutional review board statement: The Institutional Review Board of Showa University approved the study.
Clinical trial registration statement: This prospective study is registered with University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan, UMIN000017045.
Informed consent statement: We obtained the written consent from the participant before executing this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: There is no additional data available.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The guidelines of the CONSORT 2010 Statement have been adopted.
Open-Access: This is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Hiroaki Ito, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, 5-1-38 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan.
h.ito@med.showa-u.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-3-62046000 Fax: +81-3-62046396
Received: July 20, 2018
Peer-review started: July 20, 2018
First decision: August 31, 2018
Revised: September 6, 2018
Accepted: October 17, 2018
Article in press: October 17, 2018
Published online: November 15, 2018
Processing time: 119 Days and 3.6 Hours
AIM
To investigate the possibility of diagnosing gastric cancer from an unstained pathological tissue using Raman spectroscopy, and to compare the findings to those obtained with conventional histopathology.
METHODS
We produced two consecutive tissue specimens from areas with and without cancer lesions in the surgically resected stomach of a patient with gastric cancer. One of the two tissue specimens was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and used as a reference for laser irradiation positioning by the spectroscopic method. The other specimen was left unstained and used for Raman spectroscopy analysis.
RESULTS
A significant Raman scattering spectrum could be obtained at all measurement points. Raman scattering spectrum intensities of 725 cm-1 and 782 cm-1, are associated with the nucleotides adenine and cytosine, respectively. The Raman scattering spectrum intensity ratios of 782 cm-1/620 cm-1, 782 cm-1/756 cm-1, 782 cm-1/1250 cm-1, and 782 cm-1/1263 cm-1 in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal stomach tissue.
CONCLUSION
The results of this preliminary experiment suggest the feasibility of our spectroscopic method as a diagnostic tool for gastric cancer using unstained pathological specimens.
Core tip: We investigated the possibility of diagnosing gastric cancer from an unstained pathological tissue using Raman spectroscopy, and the findings were compared to those obtained with conventional histopathology. We analyzed unstained gastric pathological specimens by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman scattering spectrum intensity ratios of 782 cm-1/620 cm-1, 782 cm-1/756 cm-1, 782 cm-1/1250 cm-1, and 782 cm-1/1263 cm-1 in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal stomach tissue. The results of this preliminary experiment suggest the feasibility of our spectroscopic method as a diagnostic tool for gastric cancer using unstained pathological specimens.
