Safety of upper endoscopy in patients with active cocaine use

Table 1 Patient characteristics

		Active cocaine users, n = 23	Remote cocaine users, n = 25	P value3
Age, yr, n2	(Avg. ± SD)	51.0 ± 9.5	54.8 ± 10.9	0.2104
Sex, n1	Male	19	11	0.0065
	Female	4	14
Ethnicity, n1	White	1	2	0.8896
	African American	17	19
	Hispanic	5	4
EKG, n1	Normal	8	9	0.7575
	Abnormal	14	13
	No EKG	1	3
Comorbidities, n1	Pulmonary	8	8	0.8385
	Cardiac	4	4	1.0006
	Renal	1	3	0.6106
	Liver	4	12	0.0255
	Hypertension	7	12	0.2145
	Other drug abuse	12	17	0.2635
	Neurologic	0	1	1.0006
	Obesity	1	2	1.0006
	Infectious	1	13	0.00035
	Malignancy	1	3	0.6106
	Diabetes	1	3	0.6106
	Other	3	3	1.0006

¹Categorical value. Presented as frequency.

²Continuous variables. Presented as mean value and standard deviation.

³Compared to alpha value < 0.05 for significance.

⁴t-test.

⁵chi-SQ.

⁶Fisher exact test.

EKG: Electrocardiogram

Table 2 Procedure details

		Active cocaine users, n = 23	Remote cocaine users, n = 25	P value3
Urgency, n1	Non-urgent	6	11	0.1954
	Urgent	17	14
Location, n1	Inpatient	22	17	0.0245
	Outpatient	1	8
ASA Class, n1	Class II	9	3	0.0465
	Class III	14	21
	Class IV	0	1
LOS, n2	(Avg day ± SD)	5.4 ± 3.6	5.6 ± 11.9	0.0186
Type of Anesthesia,	MAC	16	25	0.0035
n1	General	7	0

¹Categorical value. Presented as frequency.

²Continuous variables. Presented as mean value and standard deviation.

³Compared to alpha value < 0.05 for significance.

⁴chi-SQ.

⁵Fisher exact test.

⁶Wilcoxon rank sum test.

ASA Class: American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification; LOS: Length of stay; MAC: Monitored anesthesia care.

Table 3 Periprocedural adverse events

	Active cocaine users, n = 23	Remote cocaine users, n = 25	P value2
Cumulative complications, n1	12	8	0.09
Oxygen desaturation, n1	1	2	1.0003
Nausea/vomiting, n1	7	2	0.0683
Hypotension, n1	4	4	1.0003
Tachycardia, n1	0	0	NA

¹Categorical value. Presented as frequency.

²Compared to alpha value < 0.05 for significance.

³Fisher exact test.

Table 4 Hemodynamic outcomes

	Active cocaine users, n = 23	Remote cocaine users, n = 25	P value2,3
Blood pressure pre-procedure	136/77 (17/13)	130/80 (19/12)	0.14/0.38	Active: 0.03/0.64	Remote: 0.34/0.01
Blood pressure post-procedure (mmHg ± SD), n1	129/76 (15/11)	124/74 (27/12)	0.46/0.52
Heart rate pre-procedure	73 (12)	78 (16)	0.16	0.04	0.27
Heart Rate post-procedure (BPM ± SD), n1	76 (13)	81 (16)	0.28
Respiratory rate pre-procedure	19 (2)	19 (4)	0.95	0.11	0.42
Respiratory rate post-procedure (BPM ± SD), n1	18 (3)	20 (5)	0.10
Oxygen saturation pre-procedure	98 (2)	98 (1)	0.43	0.74	0.04
Oxygen saturation post-procedure (% ± SD), n1	98 (2)	97 (3)	0.12

¹Continuous variables. Presented as mean value and standard deviation.

²Compared to alpha value < 0.05 for significance.

³t-test.