Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 16, 2016; 8(20): 741-755
Published online Dec 16, 2016. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v8.i20.741
Evidence based review of the impact of image enhanced endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric disorders
Ikram Hussain, Tiing Leong Ang
Ikram Hussain, Tiing Leong Ang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
Author contributions: Both authors contributed equally to the writing of this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Tiing Leong Ang, MBBS, MRCP (UK), FRCP Edin, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore. tiing_leong_ang@cgh.com.sg
Telephone: +65-67888833 Fax: +65-67616202
Received: March 29, 2016
Peer-review started: April 1, 2016
First decision: June 12, 2016
Revised: July 28, 2016
Accepted: September 21, 2016
Article in press: September 22, 2016
Published online: December 16, 2016
Processing time: 260 Days and 11.9 Hours
Abstract

Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Advanced stages of gastric cancers generally have grim prognosis. But, good prognosis can be achieved if such cancers are detected, diagnosed and resected at early stages. However, early gastric cancers and its precursors often produce only subtle mucosal changes and therefore quite commonly remain elusive at the conventional examination with white light endoscopy. Image-enhanced endoscopy makes mucosal lesions more conspicuous and can therefore potentially yield earlier and more accurate diagnoses. Recent years have seen growing work of research in support of various types of image enhanced endoscopy (IEE) techniques (e.g., dye-chromoendoscopy; magnification endoscopy; narrow-band imaging; flexible spectral imaging color enhancement; and I-SCAN) for a variety of gastric pathologies. In this review, we will examine the evidence for the utilization of various IEE techniques in the diagnosis of gastric disorders.

Keywords: Gastritis; Gastric cancer; Image enhanced endoscopy; Chromoendoscopy; Narrow band imaging

Core tip: Image-enhanced endoscopy is useful for an accurate real-time diagnosis of a variety of gastric diseases. But, good prognosis can be achieved if such cancers are detected, diagnosed and resected at early stages. However, early gastric cancers and its precursors often produce only subtle mucosal changes and therefore quite commonly remain elusive at the conventional examination with white light endoscopy. Image-enhanced endoscopy makes mucosal lesions more conspicuous and can therefore potentially yield earlier and more accurate diagnoses. Recent years have seen growing work of research in support of various types of image enhanced endoscopy (IEE) techniques (e.g., dye-chromoendoscopy; magnification endoscopy; narrow-band imaging; flexible spectral imaging color enhancement; and I-SCAN) for a variety of gastric pathologies. In this review, we will examine the evidence for the utilization of various IEE techniques in the diagnosis of gastric disorders.