Published online Aug 16, 2022. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i8.487
Peer-review started: February 14, 2022
First decision: April 5, 2022
Revised: April 19, 2022
Accepted: July 22, 2022
Article in press: July 22, 2022
Published online: August 16, 2022
Processing time: 181 Days and 15.4 Hours
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided main pancreatic duct (PD) access may be used when conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) techniques fail. The use of a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon (PTAB), originally developed for vascular interventions, can be used to facilitate transmural (e.g., transgastric) PD access and to dilate high-grade pancreatic strictures.
To describe the technique, efficacy, and safety of PTABs for EUS-guided PD interventions.
Patients who underwent EUS with use of a PTAB from March 2011 to August 2021 were retrospectively identified from a tertiary care medical center supply database. PTABs included 3-4 French angioplasty catheters with 3-4 mm balloons designed to use over a 0.018-inch guidewire. The primary outcome was technical success. Secondary outcomes included incidence of adverse events (AEs) and need for early reintervention.
A total of 23 patients were identified (48% female, mean age 55.8 years). Chronic pancreatitis was the underlying etiology in 13 (56.5%) patients, surgically altered anatomy (SAA) with stricture in 7 (30.4%), and SAA with post-operative leak in 3 (13.0%). Technical success was achieved in 20 (87%) cases. Overall AE rate was 26% (n = 6). All AEs were mild and included 1 pancreatic duct leak, 2 cases of post-procedure pancreatitis, and 3 admissions for post-procedural pain. No patients required early re-intervention.
EUS-guided use of PTABs for PD access and/or stricture management is feasible with an acceptable safety profile and can be considered in patients when conventional ERCP cannulation fails.
Core Tip: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided access of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) can be used to perform endotherapy when conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fails. After access to the MPD is obtained, the tract created between the gastrointestinal lumen and pancreatic duct must be dilated prior to any further intervention. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloons, originally developed for vascular interventions, can be used to access the pancreatic duct effectively and safely, as well as dilate high-grade MPD strictures if needed. Interventional endoscopists should be familiar with these cross-platform balloons as additional tools in the toolbox for EUS-guided MPD endotherapy.