Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2022; 14(3): 535-550
Published online Mar 27, 2022. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i3.535
Fertaric acid amends bisphenol A-induced toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testis
Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem
Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem, Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
Author contributions: Koriem KMM designed the study, conceived of the manuscript, wrote and edited the first and final versions of the manuscript, conducted the literature search, and read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt (Approval No. 21831).
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt (Approval No. 21831).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE Guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE Guidelines.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 statement.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem, PhD, Professor, Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt. kkoriem@yahoo.com
Received: September 27, 2021
Peer-review started: September 29, 2021
First decision: November 7, 2021
Revised: November 10, 2021
Accepted: February 23, 2022
Article in press: February 23, 2022
Published online: March 27, 2022
Processing time: 177 Days and 23.1 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

Bisphenol A (BPA) is present in many plastic products and food packaging. On the other hand, fertaric acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid.

Research motivation

It is a challenging responsibility to find a safe and effective way to overcome the toxicity of BPA toxicity in regions where BPA is already present in water bottles and food packaging and people are therefore exposed to BPA toxicity day and night. The use of herbal plants in the medicine has been known for a long time ago and today it has made a comeback in all over the world. This is because of their minor side effects and good therapeutic effects.

Research objectives

To investigate the effect of FA on BPA-related liver, kidney, and testis toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes in male rats.

Research methods

Thirty male albino rats were divided into five equal groups (6 rats/group); Control, paraffin oil, FA-, BPA-, and FA + BPA-treated groups. The control and paraffin oil groups were administered orally with 1 mL distilled water and 1 mL paraffin oil, respectively. The FA-, BPA-, and FA+ BPA-treated groups were administered orally with FA (45 mg/kg, bw) dissolved in 1 mL distilled water, BPA (4 mg/kg, bw) dissolved in 1 mL paraffin oil, and FA (45 mg/kg, bw) followed by BPA (4 mg/kg, bw), respectively. All these treatments were given once a day for 6 wk.

Research results

The results showed that BPA induced a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, sodium, potassium and chloride, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and testis protein levels but a highly significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, blood urea nitrogen, and testis cholesterol levels. Also, FA inhibited the degradation of liver, kidney, and testis DNA content. Oral administration of FA to BPA-treated rats restored all the above parameters to normal levels.

Research conclusions

This study for the first time proposed that FA can amend the bisphenol A-induced toxicity, DNA content, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testis.

Research perspectives

The direction of the future research is to apply FA in clinical study and it will be interesting to prove that FA can amend the BPA-induced toxicity clinically.