Vij M, Veerankutty FH, Rammohan A, Rela M. Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: A clinicopathological update. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(5): 766-775 [PMID: 38818284 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.766]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Fadl H Veerankutty, MBBS, MS, FMAS, DrNB (GI Surgery), Senior Consultant and Program Director, Comprehensive Liver Care Institute, VPS Lakeshore, NH 66, Nettoor, Maradu, Cochin 682040, India. write2drfadl@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hepatol. May 27, 2024; 16(5): 766-775 Published online May 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.766
Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: A clinicopathological update
Mukul Vij, Fadl H Veerankutty, Ashwin Rammohan, Mohamed Rela
Mukul Vij, Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Chennai 600044, India
Fadl H Veerankutty, Comprehensive Liver Care Institute, VPS Lakeshore, Cochin 682040, India
Fadl H Veerankutty, Ashwin Rammohan, Mohamed Rela, Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600044, India
Author contributions: Veerankutty FH and Vij M conceptualized the study and collected the data and contributed to manuscript preparation; Vij M, Veerankutty FH, Rammohan A and Rela M drafted and edited the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Fadl H Veerankutty, MBBS, MS, FMAS, DrNB (GI Surgery), Senior Consultant and Program Director, Comprehensive Liver Care Institute, VPS Lakeshore, NH 66, Nettoor, Maradu, Cochin 682040, India. write2drfadl@gmail.com
Received: December 4, 2023 Revised: January 31, 2024 Accepted: April 9, 2024 Published online: May 27, 2024 Processing time: 169 Days and 23.4 Hours
Abstract
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare primary liver cancer associated with an appalling prognosis. The diagnosis and management of this entity have been challenging to physicians, radiologists, surgeons, pathologists, and oncologists alike. The diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers such as the immunohistochemical expression of nestin, a progenitor cell marker, have been explored recently. With a better understanding of biology and the clinical course of cHCC-CCA, newer treatment modalities like immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tried to improve the survival of patients with this rare disease. In this review, we give an account of the recent developments in the pathology, diagnostic approach, and management of cHCC-CCA.
Core Tip: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) represents a poorly understood rare primary liver tumor with a gruesome prognosis. Molecular and genetic characterization of this disease is vital for exploring newer treatment modalities to improve the survival of patients afflicted with this rare entity. In this review, we give an account of the recent developments in the pathology, diagnostic approach, and management of cHCC-CCA.
