Raza S, Rajak S, Singh R, Zhou J, Sinha RA, Goel A. Cell-type specific role of autophagy in the liver and its implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2023; 15(12): 1272-1283 [PMID: 38192406 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i12.1272]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Amit Goel, BSc, DNB, MBBS, MD, MNAMS, Professor, Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. agoel.ag@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2023; 15(12): 1272-1283 Published online Dec 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i12.1272
Cell-type specific role of autophagy in the liver and its implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Sana Raza, Sangam Rajak, Rajani Singh, Jin Zhou, Rohit A Sinha, Amit Goel
Sana Raza, Sangam Rajak, Rohit A Sinha, Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226014, India
Rajani Singh, Amit Goel, Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226014, India
Jin Zhou, CVMD, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
Co-corresponding authors: Rohit A Sinha and Amit Goel.
Author contributions: Raza S and Sinha RA reviewed and analyzed the literature, and wrote the overall manuscript; Rajak S, Singh R, Zhou J collected and reviewed the literature; Sinha RA and Goel A contributed equally to the overall intellectual input, review of the literature, and approved the manuscript. These authors helped with the synthesis of information and were the primary point of contact during the publication process.
Supported byWellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Fellowship, No. IA/I/16/2/502691; SERB, No. CRG/2022/002149; Young Scientist Grant, No. YSS/2020/000009/PRCYSS.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Amit Goel, BSc, DNB, MBBS, MD, MNAMS, Professor, Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. agoel.ag@gmail.com
Received: September 25, 2023 Peer-review started: September 25, 2023 First decision: November 3, 2023 Revised: November 7, 2023 Accepted: December 8, 2023 Article in press: December 8, 2023 Published online: December 27, 2023 Processing time: 90 Days and 18.7 Hours
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular degradative process, has emerged as a key regulator of cellular energy production and stress mitigation. Dysregulated autophagy is a common phenomenon observed in several human diseases, and its restoration offers curative advantage. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), more recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, is a major metabolic liver disease affecting almost 30% of the world population. Unfortunately, NAFLD has no pharmacological therapies available to date. Autophagy regulates several hepatic processes including lipid metabolism, inflammation, cellular integrity and cellular plasticity in both parenchymal (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal cells (Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells) with a profound impact on NAFLD progression. Understanding cell type-specific autophagy in the liver is essential in order to develop targeted treatments for liver diseases such as NAFLD. Modulating autophagy in specific cell types can have varying effects on liver function and pathology, making it a promising area of research for liver-related disorders. This review aims to summarize our present understanding of cell-type specific effects of autophagy and their implications in developing autophagy centric therapies for NAFLD.
Core Tip: This review presents a succinct overview of the cell-specific distinct effects of autophagy modulation on hepatic pathophysiology and its implication on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of autophagy alteration on hepatocyte lipid metabolism, macrophage polarization and hepatic stellate cell plasticity are reviewed and discussed with reference to NAFLD pathobiology.
