Osteogenic potential: Comparison between bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Table 1 In-vitro osteogenesis potential between human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells

Ref.	Osteogenic medium	Culturing condition	Analytic methods	Outcome of osteogenic ability
Park et al[22]	0.1 mmol/L nonessential ammino acids, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 100 nmol/L dexamethasone and 10 mmol/L β-glycerolphosphate	Mechanical stimulation by dynamic hydraulic compression	AP, Alizarin red stian, qPCR, immunofluorescence	BMSC > ASC under mechanical stimulation
Vishnubalaji et al[20]	10 nmol/L calcitriol, 10 nmol/L β-glycerophosphate, 50 μg/mL L-ascorbic acid, 10 nmol/L dexamethasone	2-D static cuture	AP, Alizarin red, Von Kossa stain, Calcium concentration, qPCR	BMSC > ASC
De Ugarte et al[16]	50 μg/mL ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 100 nmol/L dexamethasone and 10 mmol/L β-glycerolphosphate	2-D static culture	AP activity, calcium assay	BMSC = ASC
Im et al[17]	100 nmol/L dexamethasone, 50 μmol/L ascorbate-2- phosphate, 10 mmol/L dexamethasone β-glycerophosphate	2D static culture	AP activity, Von Kossa staining	BMSC > ASC
Shafiee et al[19]	10 nmol/L dexamethason, 0.2 mmol/L ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 10 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate	2D cell culture	AP activity, Alizarin red staining, qPCR	BMSC > ASC
Liu et al[18]	0.1 μmol/L dexamethasone, 50 μmol/L ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and 10 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate	2D cell culture	Alizarin red stain and microarray	BMSC > ASC
Zhang et al[21]	10 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate, 10-8 mol/L dexamethasone, and 0.2 mmol/L ascorbic acid	2D cell culture 3D cell culture	Calcium assay, qPCR, SEM	BMSC > ASC

AP: Alkaline phosphatase; BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; ASC: Adipose-derived stem cell; 2D: Two dimensional; SEM: Scanning electronic microscope.

Table 2 Osteogenesis potential between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells in animal model

Ref.	Animal model	Scaffold	Analytic methods	Outcome of osteogenic ability
Hayashi et al[27]	Subcutaneous implantation in rat	Hydroxyapatite	Micro-CT	New bone volume BMSC (6.85 ± 1.89 mm3) > ASC (0.05 ± 0.05 mm3)
Niemeyer et al[32]	3-cm tibial defect in sheep	Collagen sponge	Radiographic and histologic analysis	BMSC > ASC BMSC = ASC + PRP No original data for bone volume
Kang et al[23]	1.5-cm radial bone defect in dog	Tricalcium phosphate	Radiographic, histological and histomorphometric analysis	New bone percentage: BMSC (33.56%) = ASC (33.9%)
Stockmann et al[33]	1-cm calvarial bone defect in pig	Bovine collagen type I	Microradiography, histomorphometric evaluation	BMSC = ASC No original data for bone volume
Wen et al[34]	5-mm calvarial defect in SD rat	Collagen gel	X-ray and histology	BMSC = ASC No original data for bone volume
Zhang et al[21]	Subcutaneous pocket of nude mice	PCL/TCP	Micro-CT	New bone volume: BMSC (16.6 ± 3.0 mm3) > ASC (9.1 ± 1.1 mm3)

BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; ASC: Adipose-derived stem cell; PRP: Platelet rich plasma; PCL/TCP: Polycaprolactone/tricalcium phosphate; CT: Computed tomography.