Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration in dogs

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the role of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various types of tissues in dogs. MSCs are an attractive therapeutic tool for cartilage regeneration as they can secrete trophic factors for chondroprotection and immunosuppression, recruit endogenous cells to the damaged lesion, and differentiate into chondrocytes, thereby ameliorating the cartilage injury.