Off-the-shelf mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord tissue can significantly improve symptoms in COVID-19 patients: An analysis of evidential relations

Figure 1 Possible mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in coronavirus disease-2019 treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells directly affect novel coronavirus, affect the immune system of patients, and stimulate wound healing.

Figure 2 Workflow of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell manufacturing. Donors are screened for some viruses and genetic disorders. Then, accepted umbilical cords are used to isolate umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for harvest at passage 2–3 to produce the master cell bank. A working bank of UC-MSCs is produced from the master bank before expanding UC-MSCs to obtain enough cells for transplantation. HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.