Gao YL, Shao LH, Dong LH, Chang PY. Gut commensal bacteria, Paneth cells and their relations to radiation enteropathy. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12(3): 188-202 [PMID: 32266051 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i3.188]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Peng-Yu Chang, MD, PhD, Doctor, Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, No. 71, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China. changpengyu@jlu.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Research & Experimental Medicine
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Yan-Li Gao, Department of Pediatric Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
Li-Hong Shao, Li-Hua Dong, Peng-Yu Chang, Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
Li-Hong Shao, Li-Hua Dong, Peng-Yu Chang, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
Peng-Yu Chang, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
Author contributions: Gao YL and Shao LH jointly prepare the figures and tables; Chang PY conceives and writes this review article; Dong LH is responsible for the concept of this review.
Supported byNational Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81874254 and No. 81773353.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors claim no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Peng-Yu Chang, MD, PhD, Doctor, Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, No. 71, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China. changpengyu@jlu.edu.cn
Received: November 4, 2019 Peer-review started: November 4, 2019 First decision: December 6, 2019 Revised: December 12, 2019 Accepted: February 17, 2020 Article in press: February 17, 2020 Published online: March 26, 2020 Processing time: 142 Days and 18.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: In healthy individuals, Paneth cells restrict the overgrowth of commensal bacteria in the gut while killing luminal pathogenic bacteria by secreting antimicrobial peptides. Such a property protects crypt intestinal stem cells against bacterial infection, thus ensuring epithelial homeostasis in steady state. Among the active pool of intestinal stem cells, apoptosis commonly occurs as a result of ionizing irradiation. Nevertheless, the intestinal epithelium will recover its integrity after sublethal irradiation. On this basis, the mechanism by which Paneth cells provide growth signals for intestinal stem cells to facilitate epithelial regeneration is easy to understand, whereas the automatic recovery of irradiated intestine from sublethal irradiation is perplexing. Being challenged with luminal bacteria, the degranulation of Paneth cells can be stimulated in a cholinergic- or inflammatory-substance-dependent manner. Then, Paneth cells can perform an antibacterial function that influences the inflammatory milieu in irradiated intestine. Therefore, radiation-induced intestinal bacterial dysbiosis can be managed.
