Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Stem Cells. Oct 26, 2020; 12(10): 1214-1236
Published online Oct 26, 2020. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1214
Proteomic profiling of various human dental stem cells - a systematic review
Jagadish Hosmani, Khalil Assiri, Hussain Mohammed Almubarak, Master Luqman Mannakandath, Ahmed Al-Hakami, Shankargouda Patil, Deepa Babji, Sachin Sarode, Anantharam Devaraj, Harish C Chandramoorthy
Jagadish Hosmani, Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Asir, Saudi Arabia
Khalil Assiri, Hussain Mohammed Almubarak, Master Luqman Mannakandath, Diagnostic Dental Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Asir, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Al-Hakami, Anantharam Devaraj, Harish C Chandramoorthy, Center for Stem Cell Research and Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Saudi Arabia
Shankargouda Patil, Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of oral Pathology, Jazan 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Deepa Babji, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's NG Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaun 590 010, Karnataka, India
Sachin Sarode, Department of Oral Pathology, Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
Author contributions: Hosmani J and Chandramoorthy HC made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study; Babji D and Sarode S performed the literature search, and acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data; Hosmani J, Patil S, Al-Hakami and Chandramoorthy HC drafted the article and performed critical revisions related to important intellectual content of the manuscript; Devraj A, Assiri K, Almubarak HA and Mannakandath ML designed the figures and contributed specific sections of content; All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University through Large Research Group Project, No. G.R.P 2/27/40.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Harish C Chandramoorthy, PhD, Associate Professor, Center for Stem Cell Research and Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Griger, Abha 61421, Asir, Saudi Arabia. ccharishjabali@gmail.com
Received: March 18, 2020
Peer-review started: March 18, 2020
First decision: July 5, 2020
Revised: August 6, 2020
Accepted: September 1, 2020
Article in press: September 1, 2020
Published online: October 26, 2020
Abstract
BACKGROUND

The proteomic signature or profile best describes the functional component of a cell during its routine metabolic and survival activities. Additional complexity in differentiation and maturation is observed in stem/progenitor cells. The role of functional proteins at the cellular level has long been attributed to anatomical niches, and stem cells do not deflect from this attribution. Human dental stem cells (hDSCs), on the whole, are a combination of mesenchymal and epithelial coordinates observed throughout craniofacial bones to pulp.

AIM

To specify the proteomic profile and compare each type of hDSC with other mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of various niches. Furthermore, we analyzed the characteristics of the microenvironment and preconditioning changes associated with the proteomic profile of hDSCs and their influence on committed lineage differentiation.

METHODS

Literature searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from January 1990 to December 2018. An extra inquiry of the grey literature was completed on Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey. Relevant MeSH terms (PubMed) and keywords related to dental stem cells were used independently and in combination.

RESULTS

The initial search resulted in 134 articles. Of the 134 full-texts assessed, 96 articles were excluded and 38 articles that met the eligibility criteria were reviewed. The overall assessment of hDSCs and other MSCs suggests that differences in the proteomic profile can be due to stem cellular complexity acquired from varied tissue sources during embryonic development. However, our comparison of the proteomic profile suffered inconsistencies due to the heterogeneity of various hDSCs. We believe that the existence of a heterogeneous population of stem cells at a given niche determines the modalities of regeneration or tissue repair. Added prominences to the differences present between various hDSCs have been reasoned out.

CONCLUSION

Systematic review on proteomic studies of various hDSCs are promising as an eye-opener for revisiting the proteomic profile and in-depth analysis to elucidate more refined mechanisms of hDSC functionalities.

Keywords: Apical papilla stem cells, Dental follicle stem cells, Dental pulp stem cells, Periodontal ligament stem cells, Proteomics

Core Tip: Neural crest-derived dental stem cells (DSCs) are ubiquitously present around the tooth anlage, are spatiotemporally related to each other, and possess the potential for self-renewal and ability to differentiate into different cell types and lineages under suitable microenvironments. Unearthing the spectrum, cascade and arrays of proteins present in these stem cells at different stages of tooth development and all the post-translational modifications of these proteins is possible by proteomics. Here, we present a systematic review on proteomic studies of various DSCs. Emphases on the differences present between various DSCs have been reasoned out.