Recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection among people living with human immunodeficiency virus at a university hospital in Taiwan

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of people living with human immunodeficiency virus who had incident hepatitis C virus infection from 2011 to 2018

Clinical characteristics	n = 287
Age, mean ± SD, yr	34.5 ± 7.6
Male sex, n (%)	287 (100)
Risk group, n (%)
Men who have sex with men	265 (92.3)
Heterosexuals	5 (1.8)
Injecting drug users	4 (1.4)
Unknown	13 (4.5)
HIV PVL, mean ± SD, log10 copies/mL	1.72 ± 1.09
CD4 count, mean ± SD, cells/mm3	597.7 ± 251.1
HBsAg-positive, n (%)	42 (14.9)
Syphilis, n (%)	256 (89.2)
Plasma HCV RNA, mean ± SD, log10 copies/mL	5.72 ± 1.50)
HCV genotype, n (%)
1a	22 (7.7)
1b	84 (29.3)
2a	119 (41.5)
3	6 (2.1)
6	34 (11.8)
Mixed genotype 1b+2	3 (1.0)
No data	19 (6.6)
Year of seroconversion, n (%)
2011	23 (8.0)
2012	28 (9.8)
2013	27 (9.4)
2014	24 (8.4)
2015	31 (10.8)
2016	43 (14.9)
2017	54 (18.8)
2018	57 (19.9)

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; PVL: Plasma viral load; RNA: Ribonucleic acid.

Table 2 Care cascade of incident hepatitis C infections among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in the interferon and direct-acting antiviral eras

	Total 2011-2018, n = 287	Seroconversion in		P value
		2011-2016 IFN era, n = 176	2017-2018DAA era, n = 111
Antibody detected, n (%)1	277 (96.5)	167 (94.9)	110 (99.1)	0.09
HCV RNA tested, n (%)1	270 (97.5)	162 (97.0)	108 (98.2)	0.08
HCV RNA positivity, n (%)1	251 (93.0)	152 (93.8)	99 (91.7)	0.48
Referred to treatment assessment, n (%)1	226 (90.0)	134 (88.2)	92 (92.9)	0.17
Treatment initiated, n (%)1	215 (95.1)	131 (97.8)	84 (91.3)	0.81
SVR achieved, n (%)1	202 (94)	120 (91.6)	82 (97.6)	0.19
Interval between each step, median days (IQR)
Seroconversion to antibody detected	130 (80-295)	179 (87-434)	92 (57-173)	< 0.001
Antibody detected to HCV RNA tested	19 (6-81)	21 (6-93)	12 (6-68)	0.19
HCV RNA tested to treatment assessment	43 (11-181)	26 (7-208)	81 (14-169)	0.25
Treatment assessment to treatment initiation	36 (21-90)	35 (27-90)	42 (18-84)	0.55
Duration of viremia2	502 (325-945)	735 (391-1447)	380 (274-554)	< 0.001
Events of STIs during HCV viremia	220	165	55	< 0.001
Incidence rate of STIs during HCV viremia, (per 100-PYFU)	41.0	38.5	50.5	0.09

¹Percentage that moved from the previous step to current step of care cascade.

²From the time of seroconversion to end of treatment. DAA: Direct-acting antiviral; IFN: Interferon; IQR; Interquartile range; PYFU: Person-years of follow-up; STIs: Sexually transmitted infections; SVR: Sustained virologic response.