Ethnic differences in inflammatory bowel disease: Results from the United Kingdom inception cohort epidemiology study

Table 1 Demographics of incident inflammatory bowel disease patients categorised by ethnicity

	White European (n = 205)	Indian(n = 68)	Pakistani (n = 24)	Other (n = 37)
Male sex, n (%)	109 (53.2)	42 (61.8)	16 (66.7)	25 (83.3)
Median age, yr (IQR range)
CD	35 (25-54)	32 (29-35)	29 (23-44)	19 (16-27)
UC	40 (28-59)	38 (29-50)	29 (23-37)	34 (25-45)
Median time from symptom onset to diagnosis, mo (IQR)
CD	2.9 (0.9-8.5)	3.0 (2.0-6.0)	3.5 (2.0-5.3)	3 (2.0-3.2)
UC	2.3 (1.0-6.0)	2.5 (0.98-4.0)	2.7 (2.0-6.2)	2.5 (1.7-3.4)
Smoking history, n (%)
CD
Never	15 (22.0)	3 (33.3)	2 (40)	3 (60)
Ex-smoker	35 (51.4)	3 (33.3)	1 (20)	1 (20)
Current	18 (26.4)	3 (33.3)	2 (40)	1 (20)
UC
Never	35c (38.0)	28a (75.7)	7b (77.8)	17a (85.0)
Ex-smoker	35 (38.0)	7 (19.0)	1 (11.1)	2 (10.5)
Current	22 (24.0)	2 (5.4)	1 (11.1)	1 (5.3)
Born in the United Kingdom (%)	91.2	85.2	66.6	89.9
Family history of IBD, n (%)	9 (5.7)	4 (6.6)	2 (11.1)	1 (3.3)

Significant difference in non-smoking (^aP < 0.001) between Indian and White European; Significant difference in non-smoking (^aP < 0.01) between Pakistani and White European; Significant difference in non-smoking.

(^cP < 0.001) between Other and White European. CD: Crohn’s disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Medical and surgical treatment within 3 mo of diagnosis by ethnic group

	White European, n (%)	Indian, n (%)	Pakistani, n (%)	Other, n (%)	Total, n (%)
UC
None	5 (4.6)	3 (6.4)	1 (7.7)	2 (9.5)	11 (5.8)
5-ASA	88 (81.5)	42 (89.4)	12 (92.3)	12 (57.1)	154 (81.4)
Steroids	36 (33.3)	16 (34.0)	2 (15.4)	4 (19.0)	58 (30.7)
IM	0	0	0	0	0
Biologics	7 (6.5)	0	0	3 (14.3)	10 (5.2)
Ciclosporin	2 (1.9)	0	0	0	2 (1.0)
Surgery	2 (1.9)	0	0	2 (9.5)	4 (2.1)
CD
None	7 (8.5)	2 (16.7)	0	0	9
5-ASA	31 (37.8)	6 (50.0)	2 (22.2)	2 (28.6)	43
Steroids	34 (41.5)	6 (50.0)	6 (66.7)	4 (57.1)	50
IM	19 (23.2)	2 (16.7)	4 (44.4)	3 (42.9)	28
Biologics	12 (14.6)	0	1 (11.1)	1 (14.3)	14
Other	1 (1.2)	0	0	0	1
Surgery	3 (3.7)	0	0	0	3

IM: Immunomodulators; CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid.