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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 14, 2014; 20(2): 363-375
Published online Jan 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.363
Table 1 Studies investigating faecal markers in the differentiation of inflammatory bowel disease or healthy controls vs irritable bowel syndrome
StudyMarkerCutoff valueSeSpPPVNPVSubjects (n)CD (n)UC (n)IBS (n)HC (n)Other (n)Other diagnosis (n)Verification
Kaiser et al[35] 2007S100A12CP> 0.8 mg/kg> 50 mg/kg86% 63%96% 86%98% 90%76% 51%1953227242488Bacterial (65) and viral (23) enteritisEndoscopy/histology; immunohistochemistry
Sidler et al[42] 2008S100A12CP> 10 mg/kg> 50 mg/kg97%100%97% 67%97% 75%97%100%6130114016Reflux esophagitis (6), juvenile polyp (2); eosinophilic GI disorder (3), others (5)Endoscopy/histology
Tibble et al[26] 2000CP> 30 mg/L100%97%--2763101595630Microscopic colitis (6), polyps (3), CRC (2), diverticulosis (19)Radiology and/or colonoscopy
Tibble et al[28] 2002CP> 10 mg/L89%79%76%89%60210287339074Coeliac disease (12), diarrhea (14), CRC (7), colitis (6), small bowel enteropathy (21), diverticulosis (14)Radiology and/or colonoscopy
Carroccio et al[32] 2003CP> 50 μg/g> 100 μg/g66% 46%84% 93%83% 90%68% 59%158180552065Cow’s milk/food intolerance (22), coeliac disease (23), CRC/ polyps (3), diverticulosis (4), colitis (2), CD (9), giardiasis (2)Endoscopy/histology (in selected patients only)
Fagerberg et al[33] 2006CP> 50 μg/g95%93%95%93%361075014Indeterminate colitis/IBD (3), polyps (1), proctitis (1), food intolerance (4), others (5)Endoscopy/histology
Sydora et al[47] 2012CP> 150 μg/g(desk top device)56%-100%100%--42797190-Mayo clinic or harvey bradshaw index
Dolwani et al[91] 2004CP> 60 μg/g100%79%60%100%138250242663Symptoms of diarrhea and/or abdominal pain (63)Barium follow through
Costa et al[29] 2003CP> 50 μg/g83%82%90%71%2394982483426Intestinal neoplasms (26)Colonoscopy and/or radiology
Canani et al[31] 2006CP> 95 μg/g93%89%93%89%4517108010Food allergy (5), infectious enterocolitis (4), familial Mediterranean fever (1)Endoscopy, histology and radiology
Summerton et al[40] 2002CP> 50 mg/kg82%73%--13441072885CRC (8), upper-GI lesions (44), diverticulosis (15), polyps (12), colon adenoma (6)Upper or lower endoscopy
Dai et al[92] 2007LF> 24 μg/g100%100%--1771859253441Bacteria infectious bowel disease (41)Colonoscopy
Walker et al[70] 2007LF> 7.25 μg/mL84%97%99%55%17079627220-Endoscopy and/or radiology (in selected patients only)
Kane et al[68] 2003LF> 4 μg/g86%100%100%87%2711048031560-Clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, and histological criteria, as appropriate
Sidhu et al[71] 2010LF> 7.25 µg/g67%96%87%87%465104126137980-Colonoscopy (in selected patients only), questionnaires
Schoepfer et al[25] 2008CPLF> 50 μg/mL> 7 μg/mL83% 87%100% 96%100% 98%74% 77%136362830420-Endoscopy/histology
D’Inca et al[30] 2007CPLF> 50 mg/kg> 0.04 OD78% 80%83% 85%86% 87%-144314620047CRC (8), polyps (26), diverticulosis (11), CD (2)Colonoscopy/histology
Otten et al[41] 2008CPCP FRTCP FRTLFLF FRT> 50 mg/kg> 15 mg/kg> 60 mg/kg> 7.25 mg/mL> 128 ng/mL96%100% 61% 78% 78%87% 95% 98% 90% 99%65% 82% 88% 67% 95%99%100% 91% 94% 95%1146591012Unspecified colitis/IBD (12)Colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy
Schröder et al[38] 2007CPLFPMNE> 24 μg/g> 8.9 μg/g> 19 ng/g93% 82% 84%100%100% 87%100%100% 91%91% 80% 79%7625203100-Endoscopy/histology; clinical disease activity indices
Langhorst et al[36] 2008CPLFPMNE> 48 μg/mL> 7.05 μg/mL> 0.062 μg/mL82% 87% 77%84% 77% 77%--13943425400-Clinical disease activity indices; endoscopy
Langhorst et al[37] 2009HBD2MedianUC: 107 μg/gIBS: 76 μg/gHC: 30 μg/g----10003046240-Endoscopy/histology; immunohistochemistry; faecal CP and LF
Ohman et al[87] 2012CgBSgII< 0.48 nmol/g> 0.16 nmol/g78%80%69% 79%--1110082290-Faecal CP; rectal sensitivity; colon transit time; questionnaires
Annaházi et al[86] 2013MMP-9> 0.245 ng/mL85%100%--9404723240-Clinical and endoscopic Mayo score; faecal CP
Silberer et al[39] 2005CPLFPMNE> 18.6 μg/g> 6.64 μg/g> 124 ng/g62%33%80%95% 95% 95%--119211840400-Endoscopy/histology
Jeffery et al[82] 2009M2PKCP> 4 U/mL> 50 μg/g67%93%88% 92%47%62%94%99%1999191944Collagenous colitis (1), CRC (1), stricture (1), coeliac disease (1)Colonoscopy (n = 87) or radiology (n = 4)
Chung-Faye et al[81] 2007M2PKCP> 3.7 U/mL> 25 μg/g73%80%74% 74%89%87%57%65%13131504307CRC (7)Endoscopy/histology
Table 2 Overall diagnostic accuracy of faecal markers in the differentiation of inflammatory bowel disease vs irritable bowel syndrome in relation to the size of study cohorts
SenSpnPPVnNPVnRef.
Calprotectin85%298485%298481%227482%2130[25,26,28-33,35,36,38-42,47,81,82,91]
S100A1289%25696%25698%25681%256[35,42]
Laktoferrin78%181194%181191%137682%1232[25,30,36,38,39,41,68,70,71,92]
M2-PK69%33082%33064%33079%330[81,82]