Anisodamine accelerates spontaneous passage of single symptomatic bile duct stones ≤ 10 mm

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients n (%)

	Control group	Anisodamine group	P value
	(n = 97)	(n = 100)
Age (yr)	59.1 ± 10.9	58.0 ± 12.4	0.564
Sex			0.422
Male	42 (43.3)	49 (49.0)
Female	55 (56.7)	51 (51.0)
Main presentations
Biliary colic	40 (41.2)	44 (44.0)	0.695
Cholangitis	25 (25.8)	27 (27.0)	0.845
Jaundice	20 (20.6)	19 (19.0)	0.776
Acute pancreatitis	12 (12.4)	10 (10.0)	0.597
Median time interval from symptom onset to hospital admission			0.606
< 24 h	84 (86.6)	89 (89.0)
≥ 24 h and ≤ 48 h	13 (13.4)	11 (11.0)
Imaging methods for diagnosis			0.918
Conventional CT	82 (84.5)	84 (84.0)
MRCP	15 (15.5)	16 (16.0)
Median diameter of CBD stone	0.54 ± 0.24	0.55 ± 0.24	0.837
Minimum, mm	0.3	0.3
Maximum, mm	1.0	1.0
Diameter of CBD stone			0.959
< 5 mm	44 (45.4)	45 (45.0)
≥ 5 mm and ≤ 10 mm	53 (54.6)	55 (55.0)	.
Median diameter of CBD	12.6 ± 4.3	12.9 ± 3.8	0.683
Minimum, mm	8.0	8.3
Maximum, mm	23.0	25.0
History of cholecystectomy			0.856
Yes	27 (27.8)	29 (29.0)
No	70 (72.2)	71 (71.0)

CT: Computed tomography; CBD: Common bile duct; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

Table 2 Rate of spontaneous passage of common bile duct stones

Diameter of CBD stone	Control group	Anisodamine group	P value
	(n = 97)	(n = 100)	(intergroup)
< 5 mm	31.8% (15/44)	71.1% (31/45)	0.001
≥ 5 mm and ≤ 10 mm	15.1% (7/53)	27.3% (16/55)	0.044
Total	22.7% (22/97)	47.0% (47/100)	0.000
Within-group P	0.014	0.000
Week 1	5.2% (5/97)	17.0% (17/100)	0.008
Week 2	5.4% (5/92)	28.9% (24/83)	0.000
Week 3	6.9% (6/87)	5.1% (3/59)ac	0.740
Week 4	7.4% (6/81)	5.4% (3/56)ac	0.737
Total	22.7% (22/97)	47.0% (47/100)	0.000
Within-group P	0.907	0

^aP < 0.05 vs week 1;

^cP < 0.05 vs week 2. CBD: Common bile duct.

Table 3 Factors associated with spontaneous passage of common bile duct stones in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models

Parameters	Univariate analyses			Multivariate analyses
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age	1.141	0.735-1.724	0.534
Sex	0.980	0.545-1.763	0.947
Main presentation	1.001	0.754-1.328	0.994
Diagnosis by imaging method	0.976	0.438-2.177	0.954
Diameter of CBD stone	2.847	1.819-4.458	0.000	3.095	1.927-4.970	0.000
Median diameter of CBD	1.331	0.726-2.041	0.342
History of cholecystectomy	1.070	0.557-2.054	0.839
Anisodamine treatment	3.023	1.632-5.600	0.000	3.534	1.810-6.902	0.000
Median time interval from onset to hospital admission	0.596	0.252-1.412	0.240

CBD: Common bile duct.