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©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 14, 2013; 19(30): 4950-4957
Published online Aug 14, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4950
Published online Aug 14, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4950
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease n (%)
Characteristics | Statistics |
Age1 (yr) | 53.8 ± 12.9 |
Gender | |
Male | 56 (54.4) |
Female | 47 (45.6) |
Education | |
Unqualified2 | 6 (5.8) |
Primary school | 18 (17.5) |
Secondary school | 43 (41.7) |
High school | 17 (16.5) |
University | 18 (17.5) |
Missing data | 1 (1.0) |
Current employment status | |
Employed | 29 (28.2) |
Unemployed | 25 (24.3) |
Retired | 49 (47.5) |
Profession | |
Housewife | 13 (12.6) |
Peasant | 3 (2.9) |
Worker | 40 (38.8) |
Official | 21 (20.4) |
Expert | 21 (20.4) |
Missing data | 5 (4.9) |
Marital status | |
Single | 15 (14.6) |
Married/cohabiting | 68 (66.0) |
Separated/divorced | 13 (12.6) |
Widowed | 7 (6.8) |
Alcohol consumption | 56 (54.4) |
Smoker | 32 (31.1) |
Disease severity | |
Non cirrhotic | 23 (22.3) |
Cirrhotic Child’s A | 25 (24.3) |
Cirrhotic Child’s B | 30 (29.1) |
Cirrhotic Child’s C | 25 (24.3) |
Etiology | |
Alcoholic | 36 (35.0) |
Viral | 16 (15.5)3 |
Autoimmune/cholestatic | 29 (28.2) |
Other | 22 (21.3) |
Table 2 Distribution and reliability of the chronic liver disease guestionnaire
Scale | n | mean ± SD | Min value | Max value | Missing items1 | Cronbach alpha |
Abdominal symptoms | 103 | 4.75 ± 1.63 | 1.33 | 7 | 0% | 0.82 |
Fatigue | 103 | 4.20 ± 1.60 | 1.60 | 7 | 0% | 0.90 |
Systemic symptoms | 101 | 5.27 ± 1.60 | 1.60 | 7 | 1.94% | 0.74 |
Activity | 103 | 4.47 ± 1.33 | 1.33 | 7 | 0% | 0.49 |
Emotional function | 103 | 4.61 ± 1.62 | 1.62 | 7 | 0% | 0.89 |
Worry | 103 | 4.24 ± 1.61 | 1.00 | 7 | 0% | 0.85 |
CLDQ total | 101 | 4.62 ± 1.11 | 1.90 | 6.78 | 1.94% | 0.93 |
Table 3 Exploratory factor analysis of the serbian version of the chronic liver disease questionnaire
Original CLDQ items | Factor 1 Systemic symptoms | Factor 2 Emotional function | Factor 3 Fatigue | Factor 4 Worry | Factor 5 Sleep | Factor 6 Nutrition |
Fatigue | ||||||
(2) tired or fatigued | 0.542 | 0.173 | 0.63612 | 0.271 | 0.018 | 0.140 |
(4) sleepy during the day | 0.105 | 0.200 | 0.86812 | 0.004 | 0.156 | -0.012 |
(8) reduced strength | 0.489 | 0.119 | 0.59512 | 0.310 | -0.019 | 0.220 |
(11) decreased level of energy | 0.374 | 0.159 | 0.60012 | 0.385 | 0.055 | 0.282 |
(13) drowsy | 0.168 | 0.287 | 0.82412 | 0.114 | 0.172 | -0.085 |
Emotional function | ||||||
(10) anxious | 0.313 | 0.52112 | 0.354 | 0.358 | 0.022 | 0.267 |
(12) unhappy | 0.034 | 0.67712 | 0.283 | 0.284 | 0.096 | 0.264 |
(15) irritable | 0.118 | 0.82312 | 0.157 | 0.082 | 0.036 | 0.091 |
(16) difficulty sleeping | 0.256 | 0.184 | 0.175 | 0.229 | 0.74513 | 0.096 |
(19) mood fluctuations | 0.127 | 0.79412 | 0.178 | 0.248 | 0.139 | -0.042 |
(20) incapable to fall asleeP | 0.252 | 0.183 | 0.123 | 0.155 | 0.82213 | 0.046 |
(24) felt depressed | 0.162 | 0.81512 | -0.003 | 0.288 | 0.203 | 0.092 |
(26) problem concentrating | 0.161 | 0.69712 | 0.078 | 0.240 | 0.089 | 0.224 |
Worry | ||||||
(18) impact on family | 0.237 | 0.269 | 0.037 | 0.76012 | 0.081 | 0.036 |
(22) symptoms developing into major problems | 0.153 | 0.361 | 0.170 | 0.69612 | 0.229 | 0.015 |
(25) condition getting worse | -0.028 | 0.269 | 0.188 | 0.79112 | 0.240 | 0.152 |
(28) never feeling any better | 0.005 | 0.293 | 0.162 | 0.65912 | 0.151 | 0.232 |
(29) availability of a liver | -0.142 | -0.018 | 0.103 | 0.59912 | 0.460 | 0.127 |
Abdominal symptoms | ||||||
(1) abdominal bloating | 0.76313 | 0.098 | 0.242 | 0.063 | -0.041 | 0.074 |
(5) abdominal pain | 0.78513 | 0.050 | 0.136 | -0.054 | 0.207 | 0.110 |
(17) abdominal discomfort | 0.81113 | 0.228 | 0.138 | 0.205 | 0.072 | -0.049 |
Activity | ||||||
(7) not able to eat as much as would like | 0.186 | 0.406 | 0.175 | 0.066 | -0.079 | 0.54313 |
(9) trouble lifting or carrying heavy objects | 0.389 | -0.105 | 0.48113 | 0.162 | 0.116 | 0.236 |
(14) restriction of diet | -0.073 | 0.182 | 0.100 | 0.212 | 0.199 | 0.70313 |
Systemic symptoms | ||||||
(3) bodily pain | 0.79812 | 0.103 | 0.116 | 0.097 | 0.121 | -0.053 |
(6) shortness of breath in daily activities | 0.367 | 0.296 | 0.43313 | -0.047 | 0.083 | 0.389 |
(21) muscle cramps | 0.47012 | 0.223 | 0.102 | 0.046 | 0.422 | 0.350 |
(23) dry mouth | 0.55612 | 0.305 | 0.261 | -0.065 | 0.316 | 0.172 |
(27) itching | 0.252 | 0.011 | -0.193 | 0.370 | 0.358 | 0.48113 |
Table 4 Distribution of chronic liver disease questionnaire-S score/sub-score according disease severity
n | Abdominal symptoms | Fatigue | Systemic symptoms | Activity | Emotional function | Worry | Total score | |
Non cirrhotic | 23 | 5.37 ± 1.391 | 4.81 ± 1.381 | 5.54 ± 1.14 | 4.80 ± 1.32 | 4.40 ± 1.52 | 4.23 ± 1.54 | 4.86 ± 1.05 |
Child's class A | 25 | 5.08 ± 1.651 | 4.35 ± 1.30 | 5.34 ± 1.38 | 4.40 ± 1.39 | 4.62 ± 1.31 | 4.36 ± 1.70 | 4.69 ± 1.22 |
Child's class B | 30 | 4.88 ± 1.581 | 4.18 ± 1.51 | 5.25 ± 1.34 | 4.37 ± 1.59 | 4.77 ± 1.30 | 4.27 ± 1.61 | 4.63 ± 1.17 |
Child's class C | 25 | 3.68 ± 1.46 | 3.52 ± 1.45 | 4.95 ± 0.992 | 4.40 ± 1.37 | 4.60 ± 1.24 | 4.09 ± 1.65 | 4.31 ± 0.97 |
P value3 | 0.001 | 0.021 | 0.442 | 0.68 | 0.808 | 0.952 | 0.402 |
- Citation: Popovic DD, Kovacevic NV, Kisic Tepavcevic DB, Trajkovic GZ, Alempijevic TM, Spuran MM, Krstic MN, Jesic RS, Younossi ZM, Pekmezovic TD. Validation of the chronic liver disease questionnaire in Serbian patients. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(30): 4950-4957
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i30/4950.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4950