ABO blood type, diabetes and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in northern China

Table 1 Number of cancer patients and healthy individuals in this study

Population	Number
Healthy controls	751
Esophageal cancer	855
Gastric cancer	824
Biliary cancer	826
Pancreatic cancer	809
Glioma	674
Thyroid cancer	798

Table 2 Associations between different risk factors and cancer types

Cancer type	Sex		Age		Family history		HBsAg		Diabetes
	OR1	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Esophageal	3.22	[2.42–4.28]	1.12	[1.10–1.13]	6.20	[3.03–12.68]	0.66	[0.39–1.11]	0.29	[0.15–0.54]
Gastric	1.80	[1.38–2.35]	1.08	[1.07–1.09]	9.61	[5.07–18.22]	0.72	[0.43–1.19]	2.07	[1.40–3.08]
Biliary	0.86	[0.67–1.10]	1.10	[1.09–1.11]	5.27	[2.58–10.75]	0.94	[0.56–1.58]	2.13	[1.43–3.17]
Pancreatic	1.21	[0.94–1.55]	1.08	[1.07–1.09]	6.18	[3.22–11.86]	0.72	[0.43–1.19]	2.87	[1.97–4.19]
Glioma	1.17	[0.93–1.47]	0.98	[0.97–0.99]	2.83	[1.42–5.64]	0.68	[0.42–1.09]	1.06	[0.65–1.72]
Thyroid	0.37	[0.30–0.47]	1.00	[1.00–1.01]	2.46	[1.24–4.88]	0.95	[0.61–1.47]	0.89	[0.54–1.45]

¹OR > 1 means males are more susceptible than females to cancers. Odd ratios (ORs) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. For each cancer, regression analysis was performed vs healthy controls. Factors including HBsAg and diabetes, as well as sex, age and family history of cancer were considered.

Table 3 Association between blood types and cancer types

Cancer type	Control	Type A		Type B		Type AB		Type O
		OR1	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Esophageal	Type O	0.99	[0.70–1.40]	1.53	[1.10–2.14]	1.25	[0.76–2.08]	–	–
	All others	0.80	[0.60–1.05]	1.49	[1.12–1.97]	1.11	[0.71–1.74]	0.80	[0.60–1.07]
Gastric	Type O	0.99	[0.71–1.37]	1.03	[0.74–1.46]	1.28	[0.78–2.10]	–	–
	All others	0.93	[0.71–1.23]	1.03	[0.78–1.37]	1.24	[0.79–1.93]	0.96	[0.73–1.26]
Biliary	Type O	0.78	[0.56–1.08]	1.49	[1.09–2.05]	0.95	[0.57–1.57]	–	–
	All others	0.65	[0.49–0.86]	1.66	[1.27–2.17]	0.91	[0.58–1.43]	0.92	[0.70–1.21]
Pancreatic	Type O	1.05	[0.76–1.44]	1.26	[0.91–1.75]	1.44	[0.89–2.31]	–	–
	All others	0.88	[0.67–1.15]	1.20	[0.92–1.57]	1.28	[0.84–1.95]	0.86	[0.65–1.12]
Glioma	Type O	0.83	[0.62–1.12]	1.15	[0.86–1.54]	1.22	[0.81–1.84]	–	–
	All others	0.77	[0.60–0.98]	1.21	[0.95–1.56]	1.21	[0.84–1.76]	0.99	[0.78–1.26]
Thyroid	Type O	0.74	[0.56–0.99]	1.16	[0.87–1.55]	1.01	[0.66–1.54]	–	–
	All others	0.70	[0.54–0.89]	1.30	[1.02–1.66]	1.07	[0.73–1.57]	1.07	[0.84–1.35]

¹Only Odd ratios (ORs) for blood type are shown here, ORs for other factors are similar to Table 2. Here HBsAg, diabetes, sex, age and family history of cancer were excluded. ORs and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression. For each cancer, every blood type group was compared with type O group and all the other groups separately.