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©2010 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2010; 16(46): 5838-5844
Published online Dec 14, 2010. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5838
Published online Dec 14, 2010. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5838
Table 1 Patients’ demographic and medical characteristics
n (%) | Mean score | P-value | |
Sex | |||
Men | 125 (60.7) | 4.77 (1.26) | 0.61 |
Women | 81 (39.3) | 4.85 (1.13) | |
Age (yr) | |||
≤ 39 | 40 (19.4) | 5.19 (1.15) | 0.02 |
40-59 | 99 (48.1) | 4.92 (1.22) | |
≥ 60 | 67 (32.5) | 4.40 (1.13) | |
Educational level | |||
Primary | 74 (35.9) | 4.55 (1.19) | 0.03 |
Secondary | 85 (41.3) | 4.84 (1.24) | |
Higher | 47 (22.8) | 5.13 (1.09) | |
Family status | |||
Married | 144 (69.9) | 4.74 (1.22) | 0.27 |
Non-married | 62 (30.1) | 4.94 (1.17) | |
Child-Pugh classification | |||
Class A | 49 (23.8) | 4.71 (1.06) | < 0.001 |
Class B | 32 (15.5) | 3.82 (1.12) | |
Class C | 16 (7.8) | 3.36 (0.88) | |
No Cirrhosis | 109 (52.9) | 5.34 (0.95) | |
Etiology of liver disease | |||
Hepatitis B | 78 (37.9) | 5.07 (1.01) | < 0.001 |
Hepatitis C | 65 (31.6) | 4.97 (1.22) | |
Autoimmune hepatitis | 12 (5.8) | 4.72 (1.31) | |
Cirrhosis | 36 (17.5) | 3.92 (1.22) | |
Other | 15 (7.3) | 4.87 (1.10) |
Table 2 The 29 Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire items
CLDQ item | mean ± SD | |
Q1 | Abdominal bloating | 5.08 ± 2.01 |
Q2 | Tiredness or fatigue | 3.98 ± 2.14 |
Q3 | Bodily pain | 5.22 ± 2.03 |
Q4 | Sleepiness during the day | 4.96 ± 1.89 |
Q5 | Abdominal pain | 5.67 ± 1.84 |
Q6 | Shortness of breath | 5.42 ± 2.02 |
Q7 | Not eating enough | 4.78 ± 2.35 |
Q8 | Decreased strength | 4.50 ± 2.21 |
Q9 | Trouble in carrying or lifting heavy objects | 4.59 ± 2.49 |
Q10 | Anxiety | 3.40 ± 2.29 |
Q11 | Decreased energy | 4.50 ± 2.25 |
Q12 | Unhappiness | 4.67 ± 2.02 |
Q13 | Drowsiness | 5.04 ± 1.87 |
Q14 | Bothered by a limitation of the diet | 3.17 ± 2.50 |
Q15 | Irritability | 4.33 ± 2.12 |
Q16 | Difficulty in sleeping at night | 4.91 ± 2.15 |
Q17 | Abdominal discomfort | 5.16 ± 2.05 |
Q18 | Worries about the impact of the liver disease | 3.95 ± 2.22 |
Q19 | Mood swings | 4.55 ± 2.01 |
Q20 | Difficulty falling asleep at night | 5.07 ± 2.15 |
Q21 | Muscle cramps | 5.50 ± 1.87 |
Q22 | Worries that symptoms will develop into major problems | 4.21 ± 2.05 |
Q23 | Dry mouth | 5.17 ± 2.06 |
Q24 | Depression | 4.74 ± 2.04 |
Q25 | Worries that the condition is getting worse | 4.28 ± 2.12 |
Q26 | Problems | 5.75 ± 1.74 |
Q27 | Itching | 5.78 ± 1.91 |
Q28 | Worries about never feeling any better | 4.46 ± 2.22 |
Q29 | Concerned about the availability of a liver in the case of a transplant | 6.41 ± 1.42 |
Table 3 Inter-item correlation matrix for Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | Q23 | Q24 | Q25 | Q26 | Q27 | Q28 | Q29 | |
Q1 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 0.59 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.16 |
Q2 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.30 | 0.75 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.13 |
Q3 | 0.42 | 0.56 | 1.00 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.10 |
Q4 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.72 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.31 |
Q5 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
Q6 | 0.36 | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.24 | 0.61 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.20 |
Q7 | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 1.00 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.36 | 0.60 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.19 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.39 | 0.12 |
Q8 | 0.35 | 0.76 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 0.31 | 0.87 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.13 |
Q9 | 0.34 | 0.67 | 0.41 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.77 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.09 |
Q10 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 1.00 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.09 |
Q11 | 0.41 | 0.75 | 0.52 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.37 | 1.00 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.13 |
Q12 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.68 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.10 |
Q13 | 0.18 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.72 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.18 |
Q14 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.17 |
Q15 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.13 |
Q16 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.36 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.84 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.24 |
Q17 | 0.59 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.22 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.36 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.19 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.12 |
Q18 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.15 | 0.51 | 0.11 | 0.38 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.53 | 0.20 |
Q19 | 0.23 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.60 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.15 |
Q20 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.84 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 1.00 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.21 |
Q21 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
Q22 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.16 | 0.43 | 0.81 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.74 | 0.15 |
Q23 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
Q24 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.68 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.60 | 0.39 | 0.21 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 10.0 | 0.50 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.09 |
Q25 | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.81 | 0.15 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.86 | 0.08 |
Q26 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.13 |
Q27 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.12 | 0.17 |
Q28 | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.74 | 0.14 | 0.49 | 0.86 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 10.0 | 0.13 |
Q29 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 1.00 |
Table 4 Exploratory factors and explained variance after rotation for the Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire
Factors | Rotation sums of squared loadings | |||||
Rescaled loadings | Eigen values | % of variance | Cumulative variance | Cronbach’s alpha | ||
Factor I | Question 2 | 0.72 | ||||
Question 8 | 0.84 | |||||
Question 9 | 0.84 | 4.08 | 14.07 | 14.07 | 0.91 | |
Question 11 | 0.82 | |||||
Question 18 | 0.55 | |||||
Factor II | Question 22 | 0.85 | ||||
Question 25 | 0.87 | 3.24 | 11.07 | 25.24 | 0.93 | |
Question 28 | 0.85 | |||||
Factor III | Question 1 | 0.79 | ||||
Question 5 | 0.57 | 2.78 | 9.57 | 34.81 | 0.80 | |
Question 17 | 0.74 | |||||
Factor IV | Question 4 | 0.83 | 2.49 | 8.6 | 43.41 | 0.91 |
Question 13 | 0.8 | |||||
Factor V | Question 12 | 0.79 | 2.42 | 8.35 | 51.76 | 0.79 |
Question 24 | 0.73 | |||||
Factor VI | Question 16 | 0.79 | 2.11 | 7.27 | 59.03 | 0.84 |
Question 20 | 0.77 | |||||
Factor VII | Question 10 | 0.72 | 1.68 | 5.78 | 64.81 | 0.67 |
Question 15 | 0.73 |
Table 5 Sensitivity and specificity values of different cut-off scores of the Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire for identifying level of quality of life
Threshold scores | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
147.50 | 57.8 | 99.0 |
157.50 | 64.6 | 82.2 |
167.50 | 74.3 | 71.6 |
175.50 | 85.4 | 55.8 |
185.50 | 92.2 | 37.0 |
194.50 | 98.5 | 16.8 |
- Citation: Kollia Z, Patelarou E, Vivilaki V, Kollia E, Kefou F, Elefsiniotis I, Dourakis SP, Brokalaki H. Translation and validation of the Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(46): 5838-5844
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v16/i46/5838.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5838