Brief Article
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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2010; 16(46): 5838-5844
Published online Dec 14, 2010. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5838
Translation and validation of the Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire
Zoi Kollia, Evridiki Patelarou, Victoria Vivilaki, Eleni Kollia, Florentia Kefou, Ioannis Elefsiniotis, Spyros P Dourakis, Hero Brokalaki
Zoi Kollia, Ioannis Elefsiniotis, Hero Brokalaki, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
Evridiki Patelarou, Department of Nursing, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete 71414, Greece
Victoria Vivilaki, Department of Midwifery, SEYP, TEI of Athens, Athens 12210, Greece
Eleni Kollia, Department of Nursing, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
Florentia Kefou, Department of Nursing, Naval Hospital of Athens, Athens 11521, Greece
Spyros P Dourakis, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens 11521, Greece
Author contributions: Kollia Z, Kefou F and Kollia E collected the data and participated in the design of the study; Patelarou E and Vivilaki V performed the statistical analysis and participated in the drafting of the paper; Elefsiniotis I, Dourakis SP and Brokalaki H conceived the study, participated in its design and helped to draft the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to: Zoi Kollia, RN, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Papadiamantopoulou 123, Athens 11527, Greece. zoi.kollia@yahoo.gr
Telephone: +30-210-5023702 Fax: +30-210-5023702
Received: July 13, 2010
Revised: August 16, 2010
Accepted: August 23, 2010
Published online: December 14, 2010
Abstract

AIM: To translate into Greek and validate the chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ).

METHODS: Two hundred and six consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of a chronic liver disease from 2 general hospitals in Athens were enrolled in the study from May to September 2008. In order to assess their quality of life (QOL) the CLDQ was applied. The instrument was translated from English, back translated and reviewed in focus groups within the framework of a large multicenter study. The measurements that were performed included: 2 independent sample t tests, one-way analysis of variance, reliability coefficients, explanatory factor analysis using a varimax rotation and the principal components method.

RESULTS: One hundred and twenty five (61%) patients were men, half were aged 40-59 years and > 33% were > 60 years old. Among the patients, 48 (23%) were hospitalized and 97 (47%) were cirrhotic according to the Child-Pugh score. The internal consistency of the Greek CLDQ version using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis identified 7 domains accounting for 65% of the variance of CLDQ items and only partially overlapping with those found in the original version. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was calculated at 0.813 and the logistic estimate for the threshold score of 167.50 provided a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 71.6% for the model.

CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the validity of the Greek version of the CLDQ in identifying the QOL among patients with chronic liver disease.

Keywords: Chronic disease; Questionnaires; Validation; Quality of life; Liver cirrhosis