Gender differences of low-dose aspirin-associated gastroduodenal ulcer in Japanese patients

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients taking LDA enrolled in the present study

	Patients with ulcer (n = 119)	Patients without ulcer (n = 334)	P-value
Gender (male/female)	87/32	211/123	NS
Age (yr), median (range)	73.0 (47-92)	72.0 (45-95)	NS
Male (n = 298)	70.0 (47-92)	71.0 (43-93)	NS
Female (n = 155)	77.0 (54-92)	73.0 (47-95)	0.0338
Underlying disease (male/female)
Ischemic heart disease	77 (61/16)	205 (131/74)	NS
Cerebral infarction	22 (10/12)	70 (39/31)	NS
Atrial fibrillation	16 (13/3)	43 (28/15)	NS
Others	4 (3/1)	16 (13/3)	NS
Symptoms (male/female)
Melena, hematemesis	46 (29/17)	1 (0/1)	< 0.0001
GI symptoms	31 (21/10)	107 (72/35)	NS1
Anemia	17 (14/3)	40 (21/19)	0.0156
Body weight loss	1 (1/0)	7 (5/2)	0.0087
Appetite loss	1 (1/0)	8 (2/6)	0.0028
None (medical check)	18 (15/3)	146 (96/50)	0.0025
Others	5 (2/0)	25 (15/10)	> 0.9999
Helicobacter pylori	62.3% (43/69)	-
Male	66.7% (30/45)	-
Female	54.2% (13/24)	-

¹Forty-six patients presented with melena and/or hematemesis and bleeding source in the stomach or duodenum identified by endoscopy and were excluded from GI symptoms in this analysis. LDA: Low-dose aspirin; GI: Gastrointestinal; NS: Not significant.

Table 2 Univariate analysis to identify factors predictive of LDA-associated gastroduodenal ulcer in male and female patients

Factor	Male patients (n = 299)			Female patients (n = 155)
	Patients with ulcer (n = 87)	Patients without ulcer (n = 211)	P-value	Patients with ulcer (n = 32)	Patients without ulcer (n = 123)	P-value
PPIs	1	22	0.0038	0	18	0.0253
H2RAs	16	53	NS	5	38	NS
Muco-protective agents	18	40	NS	6	18	NS
Hypertension	62	150	NS	21	88	NS
Hyperlipidemia	36	96	NS	14	51	NS
History of peptic ulcer	18	19	0.0109	9	9	0.0030
Diabetes mellitus	29	63	NS	11	30	NS
Insulin therapy	4	12	NS	3	3	NS
Anticoagulants	29	87	NS	11	35	NS
NSAIDs	3	25	NS	3	10	NS
Age ≥ 70 yr	45	123	NS	28	85	0.0443
Alcohol	28	63	NS	6	12	NS
Smoking	22	36	NS	1	8	NS

PPIs: Proton-pump inhibitors; H2RAs: Histamine type 2 receptor antagonists; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Table 3 Age-stratified prevalence of LDA-associated peptic ulcer in males and females

Age (yr)	Patients with ulcer (n = 119) (M/F)	Patients without ulcer (n = 334) (M/F)
40-49	2/0	4/3
50-59	15/2	20/7
60-69	24/2	64/28
70-79	33/17	94/55
80-89	10/11	26/27
90-	2/1	3/3

Table 4 Duration of LDA administration until diagnosis as having LDA-associated peptic ulcer in 106 patients

Month	Male (n = 78)	Female (n = 28)
-1	3	3
1-11	15	6
12-23	6	6
24-35	10	5
36-47	11	4
48-59	5	0
60-71	5	2
72-	23	2
Mean (min-max)	42 (1-223)	25.5 (1-130)

Table 5 Multivariate analysis to identify risk factors of LDA-associated gastroduodenal ulcer in male and female patients

Factor	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Male patients (n = 211)
PPIs	0.069	0.009-0.555	0.0120
H2RAs	0.498	0.256-0.967	0.0396
History of peptic ulcer	3.745	1.734-8.088	0.0008
Female patients (n = 123)
H2RAs	0.255	0.077-0.839	0.0245
History of peptic ulcer	6.439	1.874-22.131	0.0031
Age ≥ 70 yr	8.441	1.797-33.649	0.0069

Odds ratio: Prevalence odds ratio.