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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 14, 2023; 29(10): 1539-1550
Published online Mar 14, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1539
Published online Mar 14, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1539
Precision medicine in inflammatory bowel disease: Individualizing the use of biologics and small molecule therapies
Eric Cheah, Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
James Guoxian Huang, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
James Guoxian Huang, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
Author contributions: Cheah E and Huang JG were involved in the conception of the study, data collection, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and final approval of the published version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: James Guoxian Huang, MBBS, Assistant Professor, Attending Doctor, Staff Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore. james_huang@nuhs.edu.sg
Received: September 29, 2022
Peer-review started: September 29, 2022
First decision: January 3, 2023
Revised: January 17, 2023
Accepted: February 21, 2023
Article in press: February 21, 2023
Published online: March 14, 2023
Processing time: 161 Days and 16.1 Hours
Peer-review started: September 29, 2022
First decision: January 3, 2023
Revised: January 17, 2023
Accepted: February 21, 2023
Article in press: February 21, 2023
Published online: March 14, 2023
Processing time: 161 Days and 16.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Precision medicine and individualizing patient care has been the holy grail in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A one-size-fits-all approach, utilizing the current armamentarium of biologics and small molecules, still yields less than ideal clinical outcomes, with significantly high non-response rates. Multiple challenges remain in breaking this therapeutic ceiling: Achieving an early diagnosis of IBD ideally even in the pre-clinical phase; accurately prognosticating the disease course; and tailoring an appropriately sequenced therapy regime to a patient’s disease severity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile.