Ueno M, Takeda H, Takai A, Seno H. Risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Current evidence and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(27): 3410-3421 [PMID: 36158261 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3410]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Atsushi Takai, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. atsushit@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2022; 28(27): 3410-3421 Published online Jul 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3410
Risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Current evidence and future perspectives
Masayuki Ueno, Haruhiko Takeda, Atsushi Takai, Hiroshi Seno
Masayuki Ueno, Haruhiko Takeda, Atsushi Takai, Hiroshi Seno, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
Author contributions: Ueno M drafted the manuscript and prepared the tables; Takeda H and Takai A designed the outline and coordinated the writing of the manuscript; Seno H supervised data interpretation and revised the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Atsushi Takai, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. atsushit@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Received: February 2, 2022 Peer-review started: February 2, 2022 First decision: April 10, 2022 Revised: April 24, 2022 Accepted: June 15, 2022 Article in press: June 15, 2022 Published online: July 21, 2022 Processing time: 165 Days and 22.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This review summarizes the risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The highlighted risk factors include liver fibrosis, diabetes, age, sex, race, alcohol intake, elevated liver enzymes, and specific genetic variants. Currently available diagnostic biomarkers include alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), des-carboxyprothrombin, and the AFP isoform L3. The combined use of these biomarkers may increase the diagnostic sensitivity of NAFLD-HCC detection. However, more discussion will be necessary on the cost-effectiveness of these approaches. This review also summarizes emerging means of discovering novel biomarkers using omics techniques. A better understanding of these risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers will facilitate the effective surveillance of NAFLD-HCC.
