Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2017; 23(20): 3664-3674
Published online May 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3664
Sonographic appearance of anal cushions of hemorrhoids
Adilijiang Aimaiti, Ma Mu Ti Jiang A Ba Bai Ke Re, Irshat Ibrahim, Hui Chen, Maimaitituerxun Tuerdi, Mayinuer
Adilijiang Aimaiti, Mayinuer, Department of Anorectal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Ma Mu Ti Jiang A Ba Bai Ke Re, Chen Hui, Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Irshat Ibrahim, Maimaitituerxun Tuerdi, Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Kashi Area, Kashi 844000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Author contributions: Aimaiti A and A Ba Bai Ke Re MMTJ contributed equally to this study and should be regarded as co-first authors; A Ba Bai Ke Re MMTJ contributed to study conception and design and ultrasound technique for critically important intellectual content; Aimaiti A and Chen H made substantial contributions including research, study design, data source, data recording and acquisition, and final approval of the version; Ibrahim I and Mayinuer analyzed and interpreted the data; all the authors contributed to this manuscript.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81460133; and Innovation program of regional cooperation of Xinjiang uygur Autonomous Region, No. 2016E02063.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Xinjiang Medical University Institutional Review Board.
Conflict-of-interest statement: To the best of our knowledge, no conflict of interest exists. All the authors have no commercial associations or other interest in connection. Cai Yan has received fees for serving as an advisory board manager for the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Cai Yan has received research funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. De Lixiati is an employee of the Research Center of Xinjiang Medical University.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset of this original article are available from the corresponding author at mamutjan206@sina.com.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Ma Mu Ti Jiang A Ba Bai Ke Re, MD, PhD, Chief Physician, Professor, Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 1, Liyushan Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. mamutjan206@sina.com
Telephone: +86-13579803435 Fax: +86-99-14366938
Received: February 1, 2017
Peer-review started: February 8, 2017
First decision: March 16, 2017
Revised: March 20, 2017
Accepted: April 12, 2017
Article in press: April 12, 2017
Published online: May 28, 2017
Processing time: 114 Days and 5.8 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: There are still controversial opinions on the etiology of hemorrhoids. As to patients with grades III and IV hemorrhoids, a special signal of blood flow with different directions could be observed, as a mosaic pattern, which was confirmed as arteriovenous fistula in pathology. Mosaic pattern could be a parameter for surgical indication of grades III and IV hemorrhoids. If this abnormal cushion which appears as a “mosaic pattern” in sonography is confirmed, it could help to interpret important etiological aspects of hemorrhoids.