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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2017; 23(12): 2124-2140
Published online Mar 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2124
Diet and microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: The gut in disharmony
Davy C M Rapozo, Claudio Bernardazzi, Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
Davy C M Rapozo, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-130, Brazil
Claudio Bernardazzi, Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza, Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
Author contributions: Rapozo DCM and Bernardazzi C participated in the conception of the study, the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, and the drafting of the manuscript; de Souza HSP participated in the conception of the study, obtained funding, analysed and interpreted data, and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; all authors provided final approval of the submitted version of the manuscript; Rapozo DCM and Bernardazzi C contributed equally to this work.
Supported by Brazilian research foundations CNPq and FAPERJ.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza, MD, PhD, Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil. heitor.souza@gmail.com
Telephone: +55-21-39382669 Fax: +55-21-39382669
Received: December 28, 2016
Peer-review started: December 29, 2016
First decision: January 19, 2017
Revised: February 3, 2017
Accepted: March 2, 2017
Article in press: March 2, 2017
Published online: March 28, 2017
Processing time: 90 Days and 1.6 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: The gut microbiota has a recognized role in immunity, and changes in its composition, or dysbiosis, may be the basis for the worldwide increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dietary constituents have been shown to affect the immune response and the inflammatory status, in great part mediated through the modulation of the microbiota. Environmental compounds, including nutrients, can induce alterations in the epigenome interface, resulting in long lasting phenotypic or even tissue structure and function modifications. Unravelling the complex molecular basis of the epigenetic, genetic and environmental interactions underlying IBD pathogenesis will have implications for the development of novel therapies.