Tobi M, Thomas P, Ezekwudo D. Avoiding hepatic metastasis naturally: Lessons from the cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(24): 5479-5494 [PMID: 27350726 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5479]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Martin Tobi, MB, ChB, Department of Surgery, Aleda E. Lutz VAMC, 1500 Weiss Street, Saginaw, MI 48601, United States. martin.tobi@va.gov
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2016; 22(24): 5479-5494 Published online Jun 28, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5479
Avoiding hepatic metastasis naturally: Lessons from the cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus)
Martin Tobi, Peter Thomas, Daniel Ezekwudo
Martin Tobi, Department of Surgery, Aleda E. Lutz VAMC, Saginaw, MI 48601, United States
Martin Tobi, Daniel Ezekwudo, Internal Medicine Disciplines, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI 48601, United States
Peter Thomas, Department of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
Author contributions: All authors participated equally in all aspects of this review.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Martin Tobi, MB, ChB, Department of Surgery, Aleda E. Lutz VAMC, 1500 Weiss Street, Saginaw, MI 48601, United States. martin.tobi@va.gov
Received: March 22, 2016 Peer-review started: March 22, 2016 First decision: April 14, 2016 Revised: April 26, 2016 Accepted: May 21, 2016 Article in press: May 23, 2016 Published online: June 28, 2016 Processing time: 91 Days and 9.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Hepatic metastasis is a terminal event. Avoiding this complication would prolong life and current understanding of inflammatory mediators allows possible secondary intervention. The cotton top tamarin (CTT), like humans develops inflammatory bowel disease complicated by colorectal cancer but avoids liver metastasis. We suggest 5 mechanisms by which CTT avoid liver spread. They involve changes in ICAMs and their receptors, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family mediators of angiogenesis, post translational modifications of molecules like CEA, and increased expression of anti-proliferative agents such as fibulins. This changes our perception from “monkey see, monkey do” to “see what the monkeys do and do the same”. Possible avenues of intervention are suggested.
