Mulak A, Bonaz B. Brain-gut-microbiota axis in Parkinson's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(37): 10609-10620 [PMID: 26457021 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10609]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Agata Mulak, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. agata.mulak@wp.pl
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2015; 21(37): 10609-10620 Published online Oct 7, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10609
Brain-gut-microbiota axis in Parkinson's disease
Agata Mulak, Bruno Bonaz
Agata Mulak, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Bruno Bonaz, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), INSERM U836, 38043 Grenoble, France
Bruno Bonaz, Clinique Universitaire d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU de Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble, France
Author contributions: Mulak A designed and wrote the paper; Bonaz B designed, wrote and reviewed the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Agata Mulak, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. agata.mulak@wp.pl
Telephone: +48-71-7332120 Fax: +48-71-7332129
Received: March 2, 2015 Peer-review started: March 3, 2015 First decision: May 18, 2015 Revised: May 28, 2015 Accepted: August 31, 2015 Article in press: August 31, 2015 Published online: October 7, 2015 Processing time: 209 Days and 19.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synucleinopathy affecting all levels of the brain-gut axis. Both clinical and neuropathological evidences indicate that neurodegenerative changes in PD are accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms that may precede or follow the central nervous system impairment. Dysregulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. The gut seems to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of PD representing a rout of entry for a putative environmental factor to initiate the pathological process. The close relationship between gut dysbiosis, intestinal permeability and neurological dysfunction suggests that the gut microbiota modification may provide a promising therapeutic option in PD.
