Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2020; 26(11): 1142-1155
Published online Mar 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i11.1142
Effect of prolonged omeprazole administration on segmental intestinal Mg2+ absorption in male Sprague-Dawley rats
Nasisorn Suksridechacin, Punnisa Kulwong, Siriporn Chamniansawat, Narongrit Thongon
Nasisorn Suksridechacin, Punnisa Kulwong, Narongrit Thongon, Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
Siriporn Chamniansawat, Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
Author contributions: Suksridechacin N performed experiments, analyzed the results, and edited the manuscript; Kulwong P performed experiments; Chamniansawat S performed experiments, analyzed the results, and wrote and edited the manuscript; Thongon N designed and performed experiments, analyzed and interpreted the results, and wrote and edited the manuscript.
Supported by Burapha University through National Research Council of Thailand, No. 15/2562.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Committee ( ID# 23/2559).
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Experiment of Burapha University, Thailand.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: The data could be downloaded from the public databases, and no additional data are available.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Narongrit Thongon, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, No. 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. narongritt@buu.ac.th
Received: November 18, 2019
Peer-review started: November 18, 2019
First decision: January 19, 2020
Revised: February 6, 2020
Accepted: March 5, 2020
Article in press: March 5, 2020
Published online: March 21, 2020
Processing time: 123 Days and 20.2 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

Dietary intake is the sole source of Mg2+ in humans, and intestinal absorption plays a vital role in the regulation of normal Mg2+ balance. Previous case reports suggested that intestinal Mg2+ malabsorption is a major pathophysiological mechanism in proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-induced hypomagnesemia (PPIH).

Research motivation

The exact mechanism of PPI-inhibited intestinal Mg2+ absorption is still controversial. In addition, a simultaneous study on transcellular and paracellular Mg2+ absorption in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of normal and PPIH had not been performed.

Research objectives

The present study aimed to observe the rate of paracellular and transcellular Mg2+ transport across the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon in control and prolonged omeprazole-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats. Magnesiotropic hormones and proteins were measured.

Research methods

The rats received subcutaneous omeprazole injection for 12 or 24 wk. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of each rat were mounted onto individual modified Ussing chamber setups to study the rates of total, transcellular, and paracellular Mg2+ absorption simultaneously. Magnesiotropic hormones and proteins were observed.

Research results

Hypomagnesemia and hypomagnesuria were demonstrated in the PPIs-treated rats. Plasma 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and fibroblast growth factor 23 increased, whereas plasma epidermal growth factor level decreased in the omeprazole-treated rats. We clearly showed paracellular and transcellular Mg2+ absorption in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of the control rats. Prolonged PPI treatment significantly inhibited transcellular and paracellular Mg2+ absorption in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. High transient receptor potential melastatin 6 and cyclin M4 expression in the entire intestinal tract of the PPI-treated rats were demonstrated.

Research conclusions

Prolonged PPI administration markedly inhibits Mg2+ absorption throughout the entire length of intestinal tract and lead to systemic Mg2+ deficiency.

Research perspectives

PPIs mainly suppressed Mg2+ absorption in the small intestine. The stimulation of small intestinal Mg2+ absorption is probably nullifying the adverse effect of PPIs in chronic users.