Zhao HJ, Hu YF, Han QJ, Zhang J. Innate and adaptive immune escape mechanisms of hepatitis B virus. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(9): 881-896 [PMID: 35317051 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i9.881]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Jian Zhang, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China. zhangj65@sdu.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 7, 2022; 28(9): 881-896 Published online Mar 7, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i9.881
Innate and adaptive immune escape mechanisms of hepatitis B virus
Hua-Jun Zhao, Yi-Fei Hu, Qiu-Ju Han, Jian Zhang
Hua-Jun Zhao, Yi-Fei Hu, Qiu-Ju Han, Jian Zhang, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Zhao HJ and Zhang J designed the structure of this review; Zhao HJ wrote the paper; Hu YF contributed to the literature review; Zhao HJ, Han QJ, and Zhang J revised the paper; All authors approved the final version.
Supported byNational Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China, No. 82001687; National Major Science and Technology Project for Control and Prevention of Major Infectious Diseases, No. 2018ZX10301401; National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents, No. BX20190192; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2020M672064; and National Basic Research Program of China, No. 2013CB531503.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jian Zhang, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China. zhangj65@sdu.edu.cn
Received: February 4, 2021 Peer-review started: February 4, 2021 First decision: July 27, 2021 Revised: August 9, 2021 Accepted: January 29, 2022 Article in press: January 29, 2022 Published online: March 7, 2022 Processing time: 391 Days and 12.9 Hours
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an international health problem with extremely high mortality and morbidity rates. Although current clinical chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment strategies can partly inhibit and eliminate HBV, viral breakthrough may result due to non-adherence to treatment, the emergence of viral resistance, and a long treatment cycle. Persistent CHB infection arises as a consequence of complex interactions between the virus and the host innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, understanding the immune escape mechanisms involved in persistent HBV infection is important for designing novel CHB treatment strategies to clear HBV and achieve long-lasting immune control. This review details the immunological and biological characteristics and escape mechanisms of HBV and the novel immune-based therapies that are currently used for treating HBV.
Core Tip: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is an international health problem. Current clinical CHB treatment strategies can partly inhibit and eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV), but cannot achieve long-lasting immune control of the virus. Persistent CHB infection arises as a consequence of the complex interactions between HBV and the host innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, it is important to understand the immunological mechanisms involved in CHB infection. In this review, we detail the immune biological characteristics and escape mechanisms of HBV and discuss novel immune-based therapies.
