Published online Dec 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i48.13457
Peer-review started: June 16, 2015
First decision: July 19, 2015
Revised: August 9, 2015
Accepted: September 28, 2015
Article in press: September 30, 2015
Published online: December 28, 2015
Processing time: 192 Days and 16 Hours
AIM: To investigate the effect of fenugreek lactone (FL) on palmitate (PA)-induced apoptosis and dysfunction in insulin secretion in pancreatic NIT-1 β-cells.
METHODS: Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of FL and PA (0.25 mmol/L) for 48 h. Then, lipid droplets in NIT-1 cells were observed by oil red O staining, and the intracellular triglyceride content was measured by colorimetric assay. The insulin content in the supernatant was determined using an insulin radio-immunoassay. Oxidative stress-associated parameters, including total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity and malondialdehyde levels in the suspensions were also examined. The expression of upstream regulators of oxidative stress, such as protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), phospho-PKC-α and P47phox, were determined by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. In addition, apoptosis was evaluated in NIT-1 cells by flow cytometry assays and caspase-3 viability assays.
RESULTS: Our results indicated that compared to the control group, PA induced an increase in lipid accumulation and apoptosis and a decrease in insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells. Oxidative stress in NIT-1 cells was activated after 48 h of exposure to PA. However, FL reversed the above changes. These effects were accompanied by the inhibition of PKC-α, phospho-PKC-α and P47phox expression and the activation of caspase-3.
CONCLUSION: FL attenuates PA-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion dysfunction in NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells. The mechanism for this action may be associated with improvements in levels of oxidative stress.
Core tip: Fenugreek is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that can improve hyperglycemia. The hypoglycemic active ingredients and mechanisms of fenugreek remain unclear. We studied an ingredient of fenugreek, fenugreek lactone, and our results suggest that fenugreek lactone attenuates palmitate-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion dysfunction in NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells by improving oxidative stress.