Gupta V, Mah XJ, Garcia MC, Antonypillai C, van der Poorten D. Oily fish, coffee and walnuts: Dietary treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(37): 10621-10635 [PMID: 26457022 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10621]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dr. David van der Poorten, Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Medicine, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Rd Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, NSW 2145, Australia. david.vanderpoorten@sydney.edu.au
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2015; 21(37): 10621-10635 Published online Oct 7, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10621
Oily fish, coffee and walnuts: Dietary treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Vikas Gupta, Xian-Jun Mah, Maria Carmela Garcia, Christina Antonypillai, David van der Poorten
Vikas Gupta, Xian-Jun Mah, Maria Carmela Garcia, Christina Antonypillai, David van der Poorten, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Medicine, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, NSW 2145, Australia
Author contributions: Gupta V prepared and researched the majority of the manuscript and performed literature searches; Mah XJ, Garcia MC and Antonypillai C wrote and researched sections of the manuscript; van der Poorten D conceived the article, directed literature searches and content and critically reviewed the manuscript; all authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts-of-interest to report for any of the authors.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. David van der Poorten, Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Medicine, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Rd Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, NSW 2145, Australia. david.vanderpoorten@sydney.edu.au
Telephone: +612-9-87110160 Fax: +612-9-86244769
Received: April 28, 2015 Peer-review started: May 6, 2015 First decision: June 2, 2015 Revised: June 28, 2015 Accepted: August 31, 2015 Article in press: August 31, 2015 Published online: October 7, 2015 Processing time: 153 Days and 12.4 Hours
Abstract
Rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing worldwide in tandem with the metabolic syndrome, with the progressive form of disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) likely to become the most common cause of end stage liver disease in the not too distant future. Lifestyle modification and weight loss remain the main focus of management in NAFLD and NASH, however, there has been growing interest in the benefit of specific foods and dietary components on disease progression, with some foods showing protective properties. This article provides an overview of the foods that show the most promise and their potential benefits in NAFLD/NASH, specifically; oily fish/ fish oil, coffee, nuts, tea, red wine, avocado and olive oil. Furthermore, it summarises results from animal and human trials and highlights potential areas for future research.
Core tip: Over and above a low calorie diet to assist with weight loss, specific foods may modify the course of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Two or more serves of oily fish per week has a beneficial effect on lipids and may reduce hepatic steatosis, regular filtered unsweetened coffee is associated with reduced fibrosis severity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and a handful of nuts per day improves liver function tests. Addition of avocado and olive oil to the diet is associated with weight loss and improved liver tests while moderate consumption of tea and red wine appears safe.
