Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 14, 2015; 21(18): 5641-5646
Published online May 14, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5641
Association of erectile dysfunction with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis
Bong Oh Ma, Sang Goon Shim, Hae Jin Yang
Bong Oh Ma, Sang Goon Shim, Hae Jin Yang, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon-si 630-723, South Korea
Author contributions: Ma BO and Shim SG designed the research; Ma BO and Yang HJ performed the research and analyzed the data; Ma BO wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest: The authors have no financial relationships to disclose.
Data sharing: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Sang Goon Shim, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 158 Paryong-ro, Masanhoewon-gu, Changwon-si 630-723, South Korea. sgshim218@naver.com
Telephone: +82-55-2906013 Fax: +82-55-2906241
Received: November 13, 2014
Peer-review started: November 15, 2014
First decision: December 26, 2014
Revised: January 15, 2015
Accepted: February 12, 2015
Article in press: February 13, 2015
Published online: May 14, 2015
Processing time: 186 Days and 2.8 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its association with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.

METHODS: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 through January 2014. All outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis in our liver clinic between 18 and 80 years of age were considered eligible for this study. The exclusion criteria included well-established causes of ED, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis, ischemic heart disease, renal disease, neurologic disease, and malignancy. We also excluded the patients who had incompletely answered the questionnaires. ED was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scale. The Korean version of the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale was used to assess depression in the patients. Demographic and medical data were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Current or past history of psychiatric diagnosis and drug history including the use of an antiviral agent and an antidepressant were also recorded.

RESULTS: A total of 727 patients met the initial eligibility criteria. Six hundred seventeen patients were excluded because their medical records contained one or more of the previously determined exclusion criteria. The remaining 110 patients were assessed based on the BDI and IIEF-5 questionnaires. Based on the IIEF-5 scale, the prevalence of ED among patients with chronic viral hepatitis was 40%. Compared with the non-ED group, patients in the ED group were older. The proportion of patients in the ED group who had a job or who were naïve peg-interferon users was lower than that in patients in the non-ED group. Patients with ED had significantly lower scores on the IIEF-5 scale than patients without ED (11.75 ± 4.88 vs 21.33 ± 1.86, P = 0.000). Patients with ED rated significantly higher scores on the BDI scale compared with patients without ED (12.59 ± 7.08 vs 5.30 ± 4.00, P = 0.000). Also, the IIEF-5 scores were negatively correlated with age, employment, and BDI scores. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age and depression were independently associated with erectile dysfunction (P = 0.019 and 0.000, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high prevalence of ED. Age and depression are independent factors for ED in male patients with chronic viral hepatitis.

Keywords: Beck depression inventory; Chronic viral hepatitis; Depression; Erectile dysfunction; International Index of Erectile Function-5

Core tip: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among patients with chronic viral hepatitis is high. We assessed the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its association with depression after excluding confounding factors. We confirmed that patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high prevalence of erectile dysfunction, which is associated with depression.