Published online Feb 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1402
Revised: December 9, 2013
Accepted: January 6, 2014
Published online: February 14, 2014
Processing time: 141 Days and 22.5 Hours
Proteins secreted by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), an important human pathogen responsible for severe gastric diseases, are reviewed from the point of view of their biochemical characterization, both functional and structural. Despite the vast amount of experimental data available on the proteins secreted by this bacterium, the precise size of the secretome remains unknown. In this review, we consider as secreted both proteins that contain a secretion signal for the periplasm and proteins that have been detected in the external medium in in vitro experiments. In this way, H. pylori’s secretome appears to be composed of slightly more than 160 proteins, but this number must be considered very cautiously, not only because the definition of secretome itself is ambiguous but also because the included proteins were observed as secreted in in vitro experiments that were not representative of the environmental situation in vivo. The proteins that appear to be secreted can be grouped into different classes: enzymes (48 proteins), outer membrane proteins (43), components of flagella (11), members of the cytotoxic-associated genes pathogenicity island or other toxins (8 and 5, respectively), binding and transport proteins (9), and others (11). A final group, which includes 28 members, is represented by hypothetical uncharacterized proteins. Despite the large amount of data accumulated on the H. pylori secretome, a considerable amount of work remains to reach a full comprehension of the system at the molecular level.
Core tip: This paper summarizes what is known, from the molecular point of view, about the proteins that are secreted by the bacterium and that are generally grouped under the name “secretome”. These proteins play a very relevant role in pathogenesis, as secreted proteins or those that are present on the external surface of the bacterium are responsible of all the interactions with the host.