Brief Article
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World J Gastroenterol. Apr 28, 2014; 20(16): 4730-4736
Published online Apr 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4730
Roles of sphincter of Oddi motility and serum vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin and cholecystokinin octapeptide
Zhen-Hai Zhang, Cheng-Kun Qin, Shuo-Dong Wu, Jian Xu, Xian-Ping Cui, Zhi-Yi Wang, Guo-Zhe Xian
Zhen-Hai Zhang, Cheng-Kun Qin, Jian Xu, Xian-Ping Cui, Zhi-Yi Wang, Guo-Zhe Xian, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
Shuo-Dong Wu, Departments of Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Second General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
Author contributions: Zhang ZH, Wu SD and Qin CK designed the study; Zhang ZH and Qin CK wrote and revised the manuscript; Xu J, Cui XP, Zhang ZH, Wang ZY and Xian GZ performed the research, and analyzed and interpreted the data; Zhang ZH acquired funding; Qin CK revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content, and supervised the study; and all authors have read and approved the final version to be published.
Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China, No. ZR2012HM079
Correspondence to: Cheng-Kun Qin, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China. zhangzhenhai410@126.com
Telephone: +86-531-68776363 Fax: +86-531-68776363
Received: December 23, 2013
Revised: January 21, 2014
Accepted: March 6, 2014
Published online: April 28, 2014
Abstract

AIM: To investigate roles of sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility played in pigment gallbladder stone formation in model of guinea pigs.

METHODS: Thirty-four adult male Hartley guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups: the control group and pigment stone group. The pigment stone group was divided into 4 subgroups with 6 guinea pigs each according to time of sacrifice, and were fed a pigment lithogenic diet and sacrificed after 3, 6, 9 and 12 wk. SO manometry and recording of myoelectric activity of the guinea pigs were obtained by multifunctional physiograph at each stage. Serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) were detected at each stage in the process of pigment gallbladder stone formation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS: The incidence of pigment gallstone formation was 0%, 0%, 16.7% and 66.7% in the 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-wk group, respectively. The frequency of myoelectric activity decreased in the 3-wk group. The amplitude of myoelectric activity had a tendency to decrease but not significantly. The frequency of the SO decreased significantly in the 9-wk group. The SO basal pressure and common bile duct pressure increased in the 12-wk group (25.19 ± 7.77 mmHg vs 40.56 ± 11.81 mmHg, 22.35 ± 7.60 mmHg vs 38.51 ± 11.57 mmHg, P < 0.05). Serum VIP was significantly elevated in the 6- and 12-wk groups and serum CCK-8 was decreased significantly in the 12-wk group.

CONCLUSION: Pigment gallstone-causing diet may induce SO dysfunction. The tension of the SO increased. The disturbance in SO motility may play a role in pigment gallstone formation, and changes in serum VIP and CCK-8 may be important causes of SO dysfunction.

Keywords: Pigment gallstone, Sphincter of Oddi, Manometry, Myoelectric activity, Guinea pig, Vasoactive intestinal peptide, Gastrin, Cholecystokinin octapeptide

Core tip: Biliary stasis is thought to be important in the development of pigment gallstones. Sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility may play an important role in the process of pigment gallstone formation. We used a guinea pig model of pigment gallstones to investigate whether SO dysfunction happens and what a role the sphincter plays in the process of pigment gallstone formation. The myoelectric activity and SO manometry were measured at different stages of stone formation. Pigment gallstone-causing diet may induce SO dysfunction. The disturbance in SO motility may play a role in pigment gallstone formation, and changes in serum vasoactive intestinal peptide and cholecystokinin octapeptide may be important causes of SO dysfunction.