Editorial
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World J Gastroenterol. Feb 28, 2013; 19(8): 1152-1157
Published online Feb 28, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1152
Staging colorectal cancer with the TNM 7th: The presumption of innocence when applying the M category
Giacomo Puppa, Graeme Poston, Per Jess, Guy F Nash, Kenneth Coenegrachts, Axel Stang
Giacomo Puppa, Service de Pathologie Clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Graeme Poston, Department of Surgery, Aintree University Hospitals, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
Per Jess, Department of Surgery, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Guy F Nash, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Poole General Hospital, Poole BH15 2JB, United Kingdom
Kenneth Coenegrachts, Department of Radiology, AZ St.-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, B-8000 Bruges, Belgium
Axel Stang, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care, Asklepios Hospital Hamburg-Barmbek, 22291 Hamburg, Germany
Author contributions: Puppa G and Stang A designed the study and wrote the paper; Puppa G and Coenegrachts K provided the images from their departments; Poston G, Jess P, Nash GF and Coenegrachts K revised the text for important intellectual content.
Correspondence to: Giacomo Puppa, MD, PhD, Service de Pathologie Clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211 Genève, Switzerland. giacomo.puppa@hcuge.ch
Telephone: +41-22-3724956 Fax: +41-22-3724924
Received: June 25, 2012
Revised: August 18, 2012
Accepted: September 19, 2012
Published online: February 28, 2013
Abstract

One of the main changes of the current TNM-7 is the elimination of the category MX, since it has been a source of ambiguity and misinterpretation, especially by pathologists. Therefore the ultimate staging would be better performed by the patient’s clinician who can classify the disease M0 (no distant metastasis) or M1 (presence of distant metastasis), having access to the completeness of data resulting from clinical examination, imaging workup and pathology report. However this important change doesn’t take into account the diagnostic value and the challenge of small indeterminate visceral lesions encountered, in particular, during radiological staging of patients with colorectal cancer. In this article the diagnosis of these lesions with multiple imaging modalities, their frequency, significance and relevance to staging and disease management are described in a multidisciplinary way. In particular the interplay between clinical, radiological and pathological staging, which are usually conducted independently, is discussed. The integrated approach shows that there are both advantages and disadvantages to abandoning the MX category. To avoid ambiguity arising both by applying and interpreting MX category for stage assigning, its abandoning seems reasonable. The recognition of the importance of small lesion characterization raises the need for applying a separate category; therefore a proposal for their categorization is put forward. By using the proposed categorization the lack of consideration for indeterminate visceral lesions with the current staging system will be overcome, also optimizing tailored follow-up.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Staging; Indeterminate lesions; Imaging; Metastases