Editorial
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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2007; 13(1): 8-13
Published online Jan 7, 2007. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i1.8
Recent advances in hepatitis B virus research: A German point of view
Dieter Glebe
Dieter Glebe, Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to the work.
Correspondence to: Dieter Glebe, Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 107, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. dieter.glebe@viro.med.uni-giessen.de
Telephone: +49-641-9941203 Fax: +49-641-9941209
Received: December 7, 2006
Revised: December 14, 2006
Accepted: December 12, 2006
Published online: January 7, 2007
Abstract

More than 30 years after the discovery of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) this virus remains to be one of the major global health problems. In infected adolescents or adults, 5%-10% will lead to a chronic carrier state, whereas in infected neonates up to 90% develop chronicity. It is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of HBV worldwide. In many regions of the world, chronic HBV infection is still the major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. During the last 30 years, many steps of the viral life cycle have been unravelled, mainly due to cloning, sequencing and expression of the genomic DNA extracted from HBV virions. This has lead to the development of a safe and efficient vaccine and sensitive tests for HBV surface protein (HBsAg) allowing reliable diagnosis and screening of blood products. More recently, a growing number of reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been developed. However, together with these improvements new deficiencies in prevention and cure of HBV infections are becoming apparent. Although HBV is a DNA virus, it is highly variable under immunity or drug induced selection pressure, resulting in vaccine-related escape mutants and drug resistance. To overcome these challenging problems new antivirals and optimised vaccines have to be developed.

Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Molecular biology; Viral life cycle; Animal system; Antiviral therapy