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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Artif Intell Med Imaging. Sep 8, 2025; 6(2): 108028
Published online Sep 8, 2025. doi: 10.35711/aimi.v6.i2.108028
Published online Sep 8, 2025. doi: 10.35711/aimi.v6.i2.108028
Applications and challenges of artificial intelligence in plastic surgery imaging: A narrative review
Mohammed Ahmed Yamin, Tricia Mae Raquepo, Micaela Tobin, Agustin N Posso, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Ryan P Cauley, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Co-first authors: Mohammed Ahmed Yamin and Tricia Mae Raquepo.
Author contributions: Yamin M and Raquepo TM were responsible for study conception, literature review, data collection, analysis, and manuscript writing; Tobin MJ contributed to manuscript revision and editing; Cauley RP supervised the study, provided guidance on methodology, and contributed to manuscript finalization; All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict-of-interest to be reported for any of the authors.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ryan P Cauley, MD, Assistant Professor, FACS, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States. rcauley@bidmc.harvard.edu
Received: April 3, 2025
Revised: May 25, 2025
Accepted: August 12, 2025
Published online: September 8, 2025
Processing time: 153 Days and 9.4 Hours
Revised: May 25, 2025
Accepted: August 12, 2025
Published online: September 8, 2025
Processing time: 153 Days and 9.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This narrative review demonstrates the promise of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in medical imaging for plastic and reconstructive surgery, such as preoperative planning with augmented reality, intraoperative surgical guidance, and deep learning for detecting postoperative complications. However, concerns remain regarding regulatory processes, AI bias, and data standardization. Understanding AI-driven imaging technologies will be crucial for safe clinical implemen