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Artif Intell Gastroenterol. Feb 28, 2022; 3(1): 13-20
Published online Feb 28, 2022. doi: 10.35712/aig.v3.i1.13
Current advancements in application of artificial intelligence in clinical decision-making by gastroenterologists in gastrointestinal bleeding
Hasan Maulahela, Nagita Gianty Annisa
Hasan Maulahela, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo General Central National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Nagita Gianty Annisa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Author contributions: Maulahela H proposed the idea of the manuscript, and wrote and edited the manuscript; Annisa NG performed data accusation and manuscript writing.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hasan Maulahela, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo General Central National Hospital, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71 RW.5, Kenari, Kec. Senen, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. hasan.maulahela@yahoo.com
Received: November 21, 2021
Peer-review started: November 21, 2021
First decision: January 9, 2022
Revised: January 24, 2022
Accepted: February 23, 2022
Article in press: February 23, 2022
Published online: February 28, 2022
Processing time: 95 Days and 17.1 Hours
Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a type of intelligence that comes from machines or computer systems that mimics human cognitive function. Recently, AI has been utilized in medicine and helped clinicians make clinical decisions. In gastroenterology, AI has assisted colon polyp detection, optical biopsy, and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. AI also has a broad role in the clinical prediction and management of gastrointestinal bleeding. Machine learning can determine the clinical risk of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AI can assist the management of gastrointestinal bleeding by identifying high-risk patients who might need urgent endoscopic treatment or blood transfusion, determining bleeding stigmata during endoscopy, and predicting recurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding. The present review will discuss the role of AI in the clinical prediction and management of gastrointestinal bleeding, primarily on how it could assist gastroenterologists in their clinical decision-making compared to conventional methods. This review will also discuss challenges in implementing AI in routine practice.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal bleeding; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Artificial neural networks; Clinical decision making

Core Tip: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem in the emergency department. Quick and appropriate clinical decision is needed in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. Artificial intelligence, namely machine learning and deep learning, can utilize electronic health record data to provide insights which might help clinicians, especially gastroenterologists, in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. The present review will discuss the roles of artificial intelligence in clinical prediction and management of gastrointestinal bleeding, and compare them to conventional methods. This review will also discuss challenges in the implementation of artificial intelligence in routine practice.