• abdominal fat distribution
• newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
• serum uric acid
• visceral fat area

• supported by a grant from

Obesity is prevalent within the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population, particularly in newly developed countries. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that 15%-40% of IBD patients are obese, and there is a potential role of obesity in the pathogenesis of IBD. The dysfunction of mesenteric fat worsens the inflammatory course of Crohn’s disease and may induce formation of strictures or fistulas. Furthermore, obesity may affect the disease course or treatment response of IBD. Given the increasing data supporting the pathophysiologic and epidemiologic relationship between obesity and IBD, obesity control is being suggested as a novel management for IBD. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the influence of obesity on the outcomes of IBD treatment and to present the current status of pharmacologic or surgical anti-obesity treatments in IBD patients.

• Obesity
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Crohn’s disease
• Ulcerative colitis

• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology
• Crohn Disease/complications
• Crohn Disease/diagnosis
• Crohn Disease/drug therapy
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Obesity/therapy
• Adipose Tissue
• Disease Progression
• Colitis, Ulcerative/complications
• Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
• Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology

It is estimated in Western industrialized countries that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a prevalence of 1 for every 200 inhabitants. In the past, the fat mass disproportionate increase in relation to the fat-free mass was considered uncommon in patients with IBD, due to the observation of the disease being more common with weight loss and malnutrition. However, more in-depth investigations demonstrate that the fat/lean mass disproportion stands out both in prevalence in patients with new diagnoses of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease as well as a factor of poor prognosis to the natural evolution of the disease or to the therapeutic response. Another important aspect associated with obesity in IBD is the increased risk of drug clearance [including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and anti-integrin agents], resulting in short half-life and low trough drug concentrations, since the levels of TNF secreted by adipocytes sequester anti-TNF agents, which could result in suboptimal response to biologics. In view of these characteristic aspects of the inflammatory process of IBD, the identification of cellular functioning is necessary, which can be associated with the staging of the underlying disease, biochemical parameters, and body composition, helping as an indicator for a more accurate clinical and nutritional conduct.

• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Crohn's disease
• Ulcerative colitis
• Phase angle
• Cellularity
• Bioelectrical impedance

• adipokines
• inflammatory bowel disease
• mesenteric fat
• microbiome
• visceral obesity

• Adipokines/metabolism
• Adipose Tissue/immunology
• Adipose Tissue/metabolism
• Animals
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
• Intra-Abdominal Fat/immunology
• Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
• Obesity, Abdominal/immunology
• Obesity, Abdominal/metabolism

• FNOL 00098892 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky

A sedentary lifestyle and inadequate nutrition often leads to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis, which may predispose people to excess body weight and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is frequently observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), similar to the general population. Obesity may exert a negative effect on the course of IBD as well as reduce the response to treatment. Moreover, it may also be an additional risk factor for vein thromboembolism during the flare. In both obesity and IBD, it is of great importance to implement proper dietary ingredients that exert desirable effect on gut microbiota. The key to reducing body mass index (BMI) and alleviating the course of IBD is preserving healthy intestinal microflora.

• gut microbiota
• inflammatory bowel diseases
• obesity

• Diet, Healthy
• Female
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diet therapy
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology
• Male
• Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology
• Obesity/diet therapy
• Obesity/etiology
• Obesity/microbiology
• Risk Factors
• Sedentary Behavior
• Venous Thromboembolism/etiology

• Crohn’s disease
• adipokines
• adipose tissue
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease
• ulcerative colitis obesity

To study the associations between fat distribution and lung functions in healthy subjects of young adults and to explore potential gender difference in these correlations.

A total of 2101 adult participants were recruited. Height, weight, and vital capacity index (VCI) were measured and recorded according to the national physical fitness test standard. Body compositions, including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat-free mass (FFM), trunk muscle mass (TMM), fat mass (FM), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), were conducted using body composition analyzer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.

We found that male participants showed significantly higher BMI, WHR, FFM, TMM, VFA, and VCI, but lower FM, BFP, and SAT in comparison with women. However, there was no significant difference in VAT between the male and female. Lung functions represented by VCI were negatively correlated with FM, VAT, SAT, and VFA for both men and women (r < 0; P < 0.05). Among these negative correlations, VCI was more inversely correlated with VFA for men but with SAT for women, respectively. After dividing the whole populations by BMI, BFP, and WHR, further correlation analysis showed VCI was still more negatively correlated with VFA for all male subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05). On the contrary, VCI was more negatively correlated with SAT in BMI-underweight, BMI-normal, BFP-low fat, BFP-normal fat, WHR-normal, and WHR-obese subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05), while VFA and VAT was more inversely correlated with VCI in BMI- and BFP-overweight+obese subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05).

Fat accumulation is highly associated with the vital capacity index in young adults. In general, VCI was more negatively correlated with VFA for men but with SAT for women, respectively, in comparison with other tested indices.

• College students
• Subcutaneous adipose tissue
• Visceral adipose tissue
• Visceral fat area
• Vital capacity index