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Artif Intell Cancer. Feb 28, 2022; 3(1): 11-16
Published online Feb 28, 2022. doi: 10.35713/aic.v3.i1.11
Artificial intelligence as a future in cancer surgery
Morena Burati, Fulvio Tagliabue, Adriana Lomonaco, Marco Chiarelli, Mauro Zago, Gerardo Cioffi, Ugo Cioffi
Morena Burati, Fulvio Tagliabue, Adriana Lomonaco, Marco Chiarelli, Mauro Zago, Department of Robotic and Emergency Surgery, Ospedale A Manzoni, ASST Lecco, Lecco 23900, Italy
Gerardo Cioffi, Department of Sciences and Technologies, Unisannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
Ugo Cioffi, Department of Surgery, University of Milan, Milano 20122, Italy
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to this paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ugo Cioffi, PhD, Professor, Surgeon, Department of Surgery, University of Milan, Via F. Sforza 35, Milano 20122, Italy. ugocioffi5@gmail.com
Received: December 10, 2021
Peer-review started: December 10, 2021
First decision: December 13, 2021
Revised: December 24, 2021
Accepted: January 17, 2022
Article in press: January 17, 2022
Published online: February 28, 2022
Processing time: 76 Days and 13.9 Hours
Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. Machine learning and deep learning (DL) are subfields of AI that are able to learn from experience in order to complete tasks. AI and its subfields, in particular DL, have been applied in numerous fields of medicine, especially in the cure of cancer. Computer vision (CV) system has improved diagnostic accuracy both in histopathology analyses and radiology. In surgery, CV has been used to design navigation system and robotic-assisted surgical tools that increased the safety and efficiency of oncological surgery by minimizing human error. By learning the basis of AI, surgeons can take part in this revolution to optimize surgical care of oncologic disease.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Surgery; Robotic surgery; Machine learning; Pattern recognition; Cancer

Core Tip: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in different fields of medicine to maximize the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment. AI-based navigating systems and surgical robots have helped surgeons to improve their results in terms of safety and efficacy in oncologic surgery. By learning the basis of AI, surgeons can take part in this revolution to optimize surgical care of oncologic disease.