Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Meta-Anal. Sep 18, 2024; 12(3): 95417
Published online Sep 18, 2024. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v12.i3.95417
Mechanisms of vascular injury in neurotrauma: A critical review of the literature
Jonathan Willman, Annu Lisa Kurian, Brandon Lucke-Wold
Jonathan Willman, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
Annu Lisa Kurian, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, United States
Brandon Lucke-Wold, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
Co-corresponding authors: Jonathan Willman and Brandon Lucke-Wold.
Author contributions: Willman J worked with the other authors in conceptualization. He planned the structure of the paper, orchestrated the first draft, and wrote significant portions of the first draft. He was a co-corresponding author and the primary editor; Kurian AL contributed to the conceptualization and wrote significant portions of the first draft; Lucke-Wold B contributed to the conceptualization and helped orchestrate the project. He was a co-corresponding author. He provided senior oversight and quality review.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jonathan Willman, MD, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States. jonathanwillman@ufl.edu
Received: April 9, 2024
Revised: July 20, 2024
Accepted: July 29, 2024
Published online: September 18, 2024
Processing time: 156 Days and 15.3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Primary neurotrauma is an initial mechanical insult to the central nervous system. Secondary neurotrauma involves metabolic and cellular derangements that occur days to months after the initial insult. Together, this neurotrauma disrupts cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling, leading to derangements in neurovascular flow and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Similarly, the glymphatic system, responsible for clearing waste products through the perivascular space, becomes impaired following neurotrauma, leading to increased protein deposition and cognitive decline. Emerging therapeutics focus on reducing neuroedema, decreasing blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and promoting neuroregeneration.