Published online Apr 28, 2021. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.164
Peer-review started: January 29, 2021
First decision: March 14, 2021
Revised: March 17, 2021
Accepted: April 23, 2021
Article in press: April 23, 2021
Published online: April 28, 2021
Processing time: 88 Days and 15.9 Hours
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver cell damage worldwide. It is strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are not enough recommendations for screening subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis, who are not candidates for liver transplantation, nor who are asymptomatic with NAFLD without cirrhosis. In the current comprehensive narrative review, we aimed to evaluate the associations between CVD and NAFLD. Distinguishing the mechanisms linking these two disorders offers the opportunity to develop targeted therapies. Moreover, we will discuss screening approaches (whom and how-to) and treatment modalities proposed to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD.
Core Tip: The diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) deserves a thoughtful cardiovascular risk assessment and evaluation for subclinical atherosclerosis to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity/mortality. In patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation, screening for significant CAD should be done by stress echocardiography and computed tomography coronary angiography. Recommendation for screening in asymptomatic NAFLD without significant fibrosis is not clear. The basis of NAFLD prevention and treatment is lifestyle modifications, while concomitant cardiovascular risk factors should be targeted.