Mokhria RK, Bhardwaj JK, Sanghi AK. History, origin, transmission, genome structure, replication, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19: A review. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11(6): 266-276 [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v11.i6.266]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Rajesh Kumar Mokhria, PhD, Lecturer, Government Model Sanskriti Senior Secondary School, Chulkana, Panipat, 132101, Haryana, India. mokhria79@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Virology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Rajesh Kumar Mokhria, Department of School Education, Government Model Sanskriti Senior Secondary School, Chulkana, Panipat, 132101, Haryana, India
Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
Ashwani Kumar Sanghi, School of Allied and Health Sciences, MVN University, Palwal 121102, Haryana, India
Author contributions: Mokhria RK, Bhardwaj JK and Sanghi AK designed the outline, collected the data, wrote the manuscript, and proofread the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the author declare no conflict of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Rajesh Kumar Mokhria, PhD, Lecturer, Government Model Sanskriti Senior Secondary School, Chulkana, Panipat, 132101, Haryana, India. mokhria79@gmail.com
Received: April 4, 2023 Peer-review started: April 4, 2023 First decision: May 15, 2023 Revised: July 15, 2023 Accepted: July 25, 2023 Article in press: July 25, 2023 Published online: September 18, 2023
Abstract
In December, 2019, pneumonia triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surfaced in Wuhan, China. An acute respiratory illness named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new coronavirus designated as SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has surfaced as a major pandemic in the 21st century as yet. The entire world has been affected by this virus. World Health Organization proclaimed COVID-19 pandemic as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 shares the same genome as coronavirus seen in bats. Therefore, bats might be its natural host of this virus. It primarily disseminates by means of the respiratory passage. Evidence revealed human-to-human transmission. Fever, cough, tiredness, and gastrointestinal illness are the manifestations in COVID-19-infected persons. Senior citizens are more vulnerable to infections which can lead to dangerous consequences. Various treatment strategies including antiviral therapies are accessible for the handling of this disease. In this review, we organized the most recent findings on COVID-19 history, origin, transmission, genome structure, replication, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Core Tip: An acute respiratory illness (COVID-19) is caused by a new coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronaviruses, and it shares the same genome as coronavirus seen in bats. It primarily disseminates by means of the respiratory passage. Much evidence revealed human-to-human transmission. Fever, cough, tiredness, and gastrointestinal illness are the manifestations in COVID-19-infected persons. Various antiviral therapies are accessible for the handling of COVID-19 disease.
