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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Meta-Anal. Sep 18, 2023; 11(6): 253-265
Published online Sep 18, 2023. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v11.i6.253
Overview of angiogenesis and oxidative stress in cancer
Luigi Gaetano Andriolo, Vittoria Cammisotto, Alessandra Spagnoli, Danilo Alunni Fegatelli, Michele Chicone, Gaetano Di Rienzo, Vladimiro Dell’Anna, Giambattista Lobreglio, Giovanni Serio, Pasquale Pignatelli
Luigi Gaetano Andriolo, Department of General and Specialistic Surgery Paride Stefanini, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 06100, Italy
Luigi Gaetano Andriolo, Gaetano Di Rienzo, Unità Operativa Complessa Chirurgia Toracica, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Lecce 73100, Italy
Vittoria Cammisotto, Pasquale Pignatelli, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 06100, Italy
Alessandra Spagnoli, Danilo Alunni Fegatelli, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 06100, Italy
Michele Chicone, Giambattista Lobreglio, Department of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Lecce 73100, Italy
Vladimiro Dell’Anna, Giovanni Serio, Pathological Anatomy Unit, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Lecce 73100, Italy
Author contributions: Andriolo LG and Cammisotto V designed the research study; Andriolo LG and Di Rienzo G performed the research; Andriolo LG, Cammisotto V, Spagnoli A, and Alunni Fegatelli D analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Luigi Gaetano Andriolo, MD, Ph.D., Academic Research, Research Assistant, Staff Physician, Surgeon, Department of General and Specialistic Surgery Paride Stefanini, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale del Policlinico No. 155, 00161 Rome, Rome 06100, Italy. andriolo.lui@tiscali.it
Received: December 27, 2022
Peer-review started: December 27, 2022
First decision: January 30, 2023
Revised: March 7, 2023
Accepted: July 10, 2023
Article in press: July 10, 2023
Published online: September 18, 2023
Abstract

Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions. Therefore, they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiologically. Angiogenesis is a process characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of oxygen caused by the tumor and oxidative stress; the latter being one of the most powerful stimuli of angiogenesis. As a result of altered tumor metabolism due to hypoxia, acidosis occurs. The angiogenic process and oxidative stress can be detected by measuring serum and tissue biomarkers. The study of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and oxidative stress could lead to the identification of new biomarkers, ameliorating the selection of patients with neoplasms and the prediction of their response to possible anti-tumor therapies. In particular, in the treatment of patients with similar clinical tumor phenotypes but different prognoses, the new biomarkers could be useful. Moreover, they may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. Experimental studies show that blocking the vascular supply results in antiproliferative activity in vivo in neuroendocrine tumor cells, which require a high vascular supply.

Keywords: Neuroendocrine lung tumors, Angiogenesis, Oxidative stress, Neuroendocrine serum markers, Neuroendocrine tissue markers, Future therapy

Core Tip: There are already several reviews in the literature that contribute to understanding angiogenesis and oxidative stress. However, this is the first review to report the latest cellular and molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis pathways while also discussing the genetics and biochemistry of oxidative stress in neoplasms. We also specifically discuss neuroendocrine lung tumors. These discoveries may be useful for new clinical and translational research studies.