• Depression
• Prevalence

• The Science and Technology Plan Foundation of Guangzhou
• University of Macau
• Beijing High Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project
• The Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support
• The Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission

• Balance impairment
• Balance impairment rehabilitation
• Risk of fall
• Stroke

• Humans
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Postural Balance/physiology
• Ethiopia/epidemiology
• Stroke/epidemiology
• Stroke/complications
• Aged
• Adult
• Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data
• Survivors/statistics & numerical data
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• Depression/epidemiology
• Depression/psychology
• Sensation Disorders/epidemiology
• Sensation Disorders/etiology

• Humans
• Activities of Daily Living
• Depression/etiology
• Depression/therapy
• Acupuncture Therapy
• Shoulder Pain/etiology
• Shoulder Pain/therapy
• Stroke/complications
• Stroke/therapy
• Neuralgia/etiology
• Neuralgia/therapy

• depression
• depressive symptoms
• gender
• ischemic stroke
• neurocognitive
• neuropsychological
• sex differences

• acute ischemic stroke
• cohort study
• lipidomics

• Humans
• Stroke/therapy
• Ischemic Stroke/therapy
• Ischemic Stroke/complications
• Brain Ischemia/therapy
• Brain Ischemia/complications
• Brain Ischemia/diagnosis
• Prospective Studies
• Quality of Life
• Lipidomics
• Treatment Outcome
• Observational Studies as Topic

• K23 NR019864 NINR NIH HHS
• T32 NR016913 NINR NIH HHS
• UL1 TR002003 NCATS NIH HHS

• Activities of daily living
• Depression
• Health-related quality of life
• Stroke

• brain-derived neurotrophic factor
• depression
• meta-analysis
• poststroke depression
• systematic review

• Poststroke depression
• poststroke anxiety
• psychiatric complications after stroke
• stroke in young adults

• anti-inflammatories
• astrocytes
• cerebral ischaemia
• dementia
• inflammation
• microglia
• neuroprotection
• stroke
• therapeutic

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
• Clinical Trials as Topic
• Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
• Gene Regulatory Networks/drug effects
• Humans
• Ischemic Stroke/complications
• Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy
• Ischemic Stroke/immunology
• Neurodegenerative Diseases/etiology
• Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism
• Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy
• Neuroinflammatory Diseases/etiology
• Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology

• Depression
• Patient health questionnaire
• Prevalence
• Stroke

• depression & mood disorders
• hypertension
• stroke

• Black or African American
• Aged
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Depression/epidemiology
• Female
• Hispanic or Latino
• Humans
• Hypertension/epidemiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• New York City/epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Quality of Life
• Stroke/complications
• Stroke/epidemiology
• Survivors

• R25 HL105444 NHLBI NIH HHS
• U54 NS081765 NINDS NIH HHS
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

• Depression
• follow-up
• stroke
• survivor

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a severe and frequent stroke complication and one of the crucial factors for the outcome of rehabilitation and life quality after stroke. However, mood disorders frequently remain unnoticed and therefore untreated. The aim of the study was to examine all the potential risk factors and determine the independent predictors of early-onset depression after first-ever stroke, which would help identify high-risk patients, establish early diagnosis and timely treatment that would improve the course and prognosis of this disorder. This prospective study included 60 patients treated for their first-ever stroke; there were 30 patients diagnosed with depression and 30 patients without depression. The study included collection and analysis of all socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for PSD. Testing was performed two weeks after stroke. Depression was diagnosed according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, and depression severity was quantified by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination. Neurological deficit was assessed by the US National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Our results showed that the independent predictors of early-onset depression after stroke were previous depressive episodes, cognitive dysfunction, and more severe neurological deficit.

• Depression
• Early diagnosis
• Mood disorders
• Quality of life
• Risk factors
• Stroke

• antidepressants
• mortality
• outcome
• post-stroke depression
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• stroke

• efficacy
• post-stroke depression
• randomized controlled trial
• safety
• sertraline
• systematic review

• Humans
• Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects
• Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
• Depression/drug therapy
• Depression/etiology
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Sertraline/adverse effects
• Sertraline/therapeutic use
• Stroke/complications
• Stroke/psychology
• Treatment Outcome
• Systematic Reviews as Topic

• ¹h-mrs
• acupuncture
• fluoxetine hydrochloride
• hamd-17
• post-stroke depression
• rct
• sds
• sham-acupionts
• study protocol

• Activities of Daily Living
• Acupuncture Therapy/methods
• Adult
• Aged
• Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
• Brain/pathology
• Cytokines/biosynthesis
• Depression/drug therapy
• Depression/etiology
• Depression/therapy
• Female
• Fluoxetine/therapeutic use
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neurotransmitter Agents/biosynthesis
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
• Research Design
• Single-Blind Method
• Stroke/complications

We tested whether the severity of depressive symptoms in acute stroke and 4 years later are predictors of long-time survival.

We evaluated the severity of stroke in 82 patients with acute stroke by the Barthel index, the Scandinavian Stroke Scale and the Orgogozo scale, and we also quantified the severity of depressive symptoms by the Beck and the Hamilton scales in the first week of stroke, in 1995. We re-evaluated the scales 4 years after stroke in 41 out of 48 survivors. We checked the survival status of the initial cohort 18 years after stroke. In the assessment Kaplan-Meier graphs were constructed and the outcomes between groups were compared with log-rank tests.

Clinically important depressive symptoms (≥10 on the Beck scale) was present in 16 patients (19,5%) with acute stroke one week after admission. Case fatality was 41% at 4 years and 84% at 18 years after stroke. Those patients who survived at 4 years were significantly younger (p<0,05). Depressive symptoms in acute stage were not independent predictor of the length of survival. More severe strokes were associated with more severe depressive symptoms 4 years after stroke. In the survival subgroup of patients, those who had more severe depression (≥10 on the Beck scale) at 4 years, had shorter post-stroke survival than those with milder or no depression (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.022; log-rank-test, p = 0.047). In multivariate analyses, adjusted for age, sex, stroke severity and the severity of depressive symptoms, age, sex and stroke severity remained the significant predictors of the length of survival.

The severity of depressive symptoms either in the acute phase or 4 years after stroke is not an independent predictor of the length of survival in an 18-year follow-up.

• Aerobic exercise
• Depression
• Health-related quality of life
• Rehabilitation
• Stroke

Although post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuro-psychiatric consequence after a stroke there is still some obscurity regarding its aetiology and risk factors, which complicates its management. A better knowledge of the predictors will enable better prevention and treatment.

The aim of this work was the identification of the risk factors for PSD, typical for the Macedonian population, which will help in early prediction, timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

We carried out a prospective study at the Clinical Hospital in Tetovo, the Republic of Macedonia to determine the prevalence of PSD and to analyse the socio-demographic characteristics as possible risk factors in 100 patients on discharge and after 5 months. The depression symptoms were quantified using the Hamilton Depression Ranking Scale (HAM-d) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).

The average age of the patients with PSD on the first examination is 65.0 ± 8.3, whereas on the second examination is 64.5 ± 9.2. According to the Mann-Whitney U test, the difference between the average ages on both examinations is statistically insignificant for p > 0.05. On both examinations, the statistically significant dependence of p > 0.05 between PSD and the occupational status and PSD and education is not recorded. On both examinations, the PSD in male patients was 78.0% and 62.7%, while in female patients it was 85.4% and 68.3% not recording the statistically significant dependence of p < 0.05 between PSD and the gender.

The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients with PSD cannot be considered as predictors of the disease.

• Age
• Education
• Gender
• Nationality
• Occupational status
• PSD

A depression following a stroke (Post Stoke Depression-PSD) is the most common complication of a stroke that has a negative effect on the result after the stroke. A better definition of the risk factors of the disease will provide for better prediction and treatment.

To research identification of the risk factors for PSD, typical for the Macedonian population, which will help in early prediction, timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease?

We carried out a prospective study in order to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of PSD in 100 patients treated at the hospital in Tetovo. The severity, localisation and the functional outcome of the stroke have been examined as potential risk factors for discharge and after 5 months. The symptoms of depression were quantified using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-d).

On discharge, 81% of the patients were diagnosed with PSD, and 67% had PSD after 5 months. A statistically significant codependence of p < 0.05 was registered between PSD and the level of functional dependence for activities of daily living (ADL); PSD and the severity of the stroke; and PSD and the level of disability on both examinations. In most patients with PSD, an ischemic stroke in the right middle cerebral artery has been diagnosed; the percentage difference between the other localisations is statistically significant (p = 0.0436; p = 0.0002).

There is an increased risk of PSD for immobile patients, those incapable of activities of daily living (ADL), with ischemic stroke in the right middle cerebral artery. A PSD screening and additional studies for better prediction are required.

• Barthel index
• HAM-d
• PSD
• Stroke
• mRS

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a very common complication that leads to increased physical disability, poor functional outcome, and higher mortality. Therefore, early detection and treatment are very important. Since there are currently no specific guidelines for this disorder in China, the purpose of this study was to develop PSD guidelines and provide suggestions for clinicians and related workers.

• biological mechanism
• default mood network
• depression
• post-stroke depression
• social psychological mechanisms
• stroke

• depression
• meta-analysis
• meta-regression
• mortality
• stroke

• Signs of Depression Scale
• aphasia
• assessment
• depression
• instrument development

• anxiety
• cerebrovascular event
• depression
• recurrent stroke

To identify predictive factors of depressive mood in patients with isolated cerebellar stroke.

A retrospective chart review was performed in patients who had experienced their first isolated cerebellar stroke during 2002–2014. The patients were classified into two groups by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (non-depressive group, 0≤GDS≤16; depressive group, 17≤GDS≤30). Data on demographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, functional level, cognitive and linguistic function, and stroke characteristics were collected. Significant variables in univariate analysis were analyzed using logistic regression.

Fifty-two patients were enrolled, of whom 55.8% had depressive mood, were older (p=0.021), and had higher hypertension rates (p=0.014). Cognitive and linguistic functions did not differ between the two groups. The depressive group had higher ischemic stroke rates (p=0.035) and showed a dominant right posterior cerebellar hemisphere lesion (p=0.028), which was independently associated with depressive mood in the multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 5.081; 95% confidence interval, 1.261–20.479).

The risk of depressive mood after cerebellar stroke was increased in patients at old age, with a history of hypertension, ischemic stroke, and lesion of the right posterior cerebellar hemisphere. The most significant determining factor was stroke lesion of the right posterior cerebellar hemisphere. Early detection of risk factors is important to prevent and manage depressive mood after cerebellar stroke.

• Cerebellum
• Depression
• Risk factors
• Stroke

• Biomarker
• Early onset
• LDL
• MicroRNA
• Post-stroke depression

• Young stroke
• fatigue
• prognosis
• quality of life

Mood disorder and depressive syndromes represent a common comorbid condition in neurological disorders with a prevalence rate that ranges between 20% and 50% of patients with stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Notwithstanding, these conditions are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in the clinical practice and negatively affect the functional recovery, the adherence to treatment, the quality of life, and even the mortality risk. In addition, a bidirectional association between depression and neurological disorders may be possible being that depressive syndromes may be considered as a risk factor for certain neurological diseases. Despite the large amount of evidence regarding the effects of music therapy (MT) and other musical interventions on different aspects of neurological disorders, no updated article reviewing outcomes such as mood, emotions, depression, activity of daily living and so on is actually available; for this reason, little is known about the effectiveness of music and MT on these important outcomes in neurological patients. The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of the current literature on musical interventions and their effects on mood and depression in patients with neurological disorders. Searching on PubMed and PsycInfo databases, 25 studies corresponding to the inclusion criteria have been selected; 11 of them assess the effects of music or MT in Dementia, 9 explore the efficacy on patients with Stroke, and 5 regard other neurological diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/motor neuron disease, Chronic quadriplegia, Parkinson’s Disease, and Acquired Brain dysfunctions. Selected studies are based on relational and rehabilitative music therapy approaches or concern music listening interventions. Most of the studies support the efficacy of MT and other musical interventions on mood, depressive syndromes, and quality of life on neurological patients.

• Music
• Listening
• Music therapy
• Epilepsy
• Narrative review
• Stroke
• Mood
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Depression
• Parkinson
• Dementia
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neurological disease
• Neurological disorders
• Acquired brain injury

• Primary care nursing
• standardized nursing language
• stroke

• befolyásoló tényezők
• epidemiology
• epidemiológia
• kezelés
• megelőzés
• post-stroke depression
• poststroke-depresszió
• predictors
• prevention
• treatment

• Depression
• Multifactorial
• Poststroke depression
• Prevalence
• Risk factors
• Stroke

A number of studies have assessed the influence of depression on the risk of cardiovascular disease. A growing literature indicates a link between depression and cerebrovascular events, although the direction of this association remains unclear. Numerous data have emerged suggesting an association between depressive symptoms and subsequent risk of stroke, thus leading to the hypothesis that a direct causality between depression and stroke exists. Notwithstanding, how depression may act as a risk factor for stroke is still unclear. Depression might be linked to stroke via neuroendocrine and inflammation effects, through correlation with major comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes or by intervention of lifestyle behavioral mediators. Finally, antidepressant medications have recently drawn attention for a possible association with increased risk of stroke, although such findings remain uncertain. Depression has been also established as an important consequence after stroke, exerting a significant adverse impact on the course of motor recovery, social functioning and, overall, on quality of life. Post stroke depression occurs in nearly one third of stroke cases, but the exact mechanism leading to depression after stroke is still incompletely understood. In this article, we will review contemporary epidemiologic studies, discuss potential mechanisms and specific aspects of the complex relation between depression and stroke.

• Depression
• Mood disorders
• Stroke
• Post-stroke depression
• Antidepressant medications
• Cerebrovascular disease

• BDI-II
• Depression
• Psychometrics
• Rasch analysis
• Stroke
• Validity

• Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis
• Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology
• Anxiety Disorders/therapy
• Comorbidity
• Cooperative Behavior
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Depressive Disorder/diagnosis
• Depressive Disorder/epidemiology
• Depressive Disorder/therapy
• Germany
• Humans
• Interdisciplinary Communication
• Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis
• Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology
• Nervous System Diseases/therapy
• Parkinson Disease/diagnosis
• Parkinson Disease/epidemiology
• Parkinson Disease/therapy
• Prognosis
• Stroke/diagnosis
• Stroke/epidemiology
• Stroke/therapy

L'objectif général poursuivi dans cette étude est de décrire le tableau clinique de la dépression post-accident vasculaire cérébral (DPAVC) à Kinshasa.

Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive portant sur 56 patients suivis pour hémiplégie post-accident vasculaire cérébral au Centre de réhabilitation pour personnes handicapées de Kinshasa (CRPHK) du 1er au 31 août 2011.

Au Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), 21. 40 % des patients présentaient une dépression modérée à sévère. A l’échelle de Rankin, 63. 8% des patients étaient capables de marcher sans aide. L'apathie modérée à sévère était présente chez 44. 64%; à l’échelle de sévérité de la fatigue, le score de 12. 7 % des sujets était compatible avec un état dépressif. La dépression était associée à la sévérité des troubles neurologiques, à l'incapacité évaluée avec l’échelle de Rankin, à l'apathie et à une appréciation mauvaise de son propre état de santé par le patient.

La DPAVC est fréquente à Kinshasa parmi les patients en réhabilitation. La fréquence observée est comparable à celles retrouvées dans des travaux antérieurs dans le monde et aux rares travaux publiés en Afrique. La DPAVC est associée de manière significative à la sévérité des troubles neurologiques, au degré d'handicap, à la fatigue, à l'apathie et à la mauvaise perception de son état de santé.

• Kinshasa
• Stroke
• depression

• Adult
• Aged
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology
• Depression/epidemiology
• Depression/etiology
• Depression/rehabilitation
• Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Rehabilitation Centers
• Severity of Illness Index
• Stroke/complications
• Stroke/epidemiology
• Stroke Rehabilitation
• Young Adult