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Casillas S, Jauregui E, Surani S, Varon J. Blood glucose control in the intensive care unit: Where is the data? World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:399-405. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i8.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood glucose control, including hyperglycemia correction, maintaining glucose at optimal level and avoiding hypoglycemia, is a challenge clinicians face every day in intensive care units (ICUs). If managed inadequately, its related mortality can increase. Prior to 2001, no relevant data from randomized, controlled studies assessing glucose control in the ICU were available. In the past 18 years, however, many clinical trials have defined criteria for managing abnormal blood glucose levels, as well as provided suggestions for glycemic monitoring. Point-of-care blood glucose monitors have become the preferred bedside technology to aid in glycemic management. In addition, in some institutions, continuous glucose monitoring is now available. Cost-effectiveness of adequate glycemic control in the ICU must be taken into consideration when addressing this complex issue. Newer types of glycemic monitoring may reduce nursing staff fatigue and shorten times for the treatment of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. There are a variety of glycemic care protocols available. However, not all ICU clinicians are aware of them. The following minireview describes some of these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Casillas
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Campus Otay, Nueva, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Edgar Jauregui
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Campus Otay, Nueva, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Texas A and M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78414, United States
| | - Joseph Varon
- Acute and Continuing Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, United Memorial Medical Center/United General Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Kyi M, Wraight PR, Rowan LM, Marley KA, Colman PG, Fourlanos S. Glucose alert system improves health professional responses to adverse glycaemia and reduces the number of hyperglycaemic episodes in non-critical care inpatients. Diabet Med 2018; 35:816-823. [PMID: 29575134 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of a novel glucose alert system, comprising the Melbourne Glucose Alert Pathway and glucose-alert-capable networked blood glucose meters, on nursing and hospital medical officer responses to adverse glycaemia. METHODS A prospective, pre- and post-observational study was undertaken in non-critical care wards of a tertiary hospital over 4 months (n=148 or 660 patient-days). The intervention consisted of two components designed to promote a consistent staff response to blood glucose measurements: (1) a clinical escalation pathway, the Melbourne Glucose Alert Pathway, and (2) networked blood glucose meters, which provide a visual alert for out-of-range blood glucose measurement. All consecutive inpatients with diabetes were assessed for diabetes management and capillary blood glucose. The primary outcome was documented nursing and medical staff action in response to episodes of adverse glycaemia (blood glucose >15 mmol/l or <4 mmol/l). Secondary outcomes consisted of glycaemic measures. RESULTS In response to episodes of adverse glycaemia, nursing action increased (proportion with nursing action: 45% to 73%; P<0.001), and medical action increased (proportion with medical action: 49% to 67%; P=0.011) with the glucose alert system in place. Patient-days with hyperglycaemia (any blood glucose value >15 mmol/l: 24% vs 16%; P=0.012) and patient-days with mean blood glucose >15 mmol/l (7.4% vs 2.6%; P=0.005) decreased. There was no difference in hypoglycaemia incidence. CONCLUSIONS Use of a novel glucose alert system improved health professional responses to adverse glycaemia and decreased hyperglycaemia in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyi
- Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Departments of General Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Departments of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - P R Wraight
- Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - L M Rowan
- Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - K A Marley
- Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - P G Colman
- Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Fourlanos
- Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Departments of General Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Fedosov V, Dziadzko M, Dearani JA, Brown DR, Pickering BW, Herasevich V. Decision Support Tool to Improve Glucose Control Compliance After Cardiac Surgery. AACN Adv Crit Care 2017; 27:274-282. [PMID: 27959310 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2016634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia control is associated with improved outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The Surgical Care Improvement Project metric (SCIP-inf-4) was introduced as a performance measure in surgical patients and included hyperglycemia control. Compliance with the SCIP-inf-4 metric remains suboptimal. A novel real-time decision support tool (DST) with guaranteed feedback that is based on the existing electronic medical record system was developed at a tertiary academic center. Implementation of the DST increased the compliance rate with the SCIP-inf-4 from 87.3% to 96.5%. Changes in tested clinical outcomes were not observed with improved metric compliance. This new framework can serve as a backbone for development of quality control processes for other metrics. Further and, ideally, multicenter studies are required to test if implementation of electronic DSTs will translate into improved resource utilization and outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Fedosov
- Vitali Fedosov is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Mikhail Dziadzko is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Joseph A. Dearani is Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Daniel R. Brown is Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Brian W. Pickering is Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Vitaly Herasevich is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Mikhail Dziadzko
- Vitali Fedosov is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Mikhail Dziadzko is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Joseph A. Dearani is Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Daniel R. Brown is Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Brian W. Pickering is Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Vitaly Herasevich is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Vitali Fedosov is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Mikhail Dziadzko is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Joseph A. Dearani is Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Daniel R. Brown is Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Brian W. Pickering is Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Vitaly Herasevich is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Daniel R Brown
- Vitali Fedosov is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Mikhail Dziadzko is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Joseph A. Dearani is Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Daniel R. Brown is Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Brian W. Pickering is Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Vitaly Herasevich is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Brian W Pickering
- Vitali Fedosov is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Mikhail Dziadzko is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Joseph A. Dearani is Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Daniel R. Brown is Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Brian W. Pickering is Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Vitaly Herasevich is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Vitaly Herasevich
- Vitali Fedosov is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Mikhail Dziadzko is Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Joseph A. Dearani is Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Daniel R. Brown is Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Brian W. Pickering is Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Vitaly Herasevich is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
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