Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 6, 2021; 9(4): 812-821
Published online Feb 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i4.812
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Item
Group I (n = 32)
Group II (n = 39)
Group III (n = 29)
P value
Age (yr)55.56 ± 9.4955.03 ± 9.3558.14 ± 9.560.38
Male, %68.8 (22)46.2 (18)14.4 (12)0.07
Body mass index (kg/m2)24.66 ± 3.1725.77 ± 3.4924.34 ± 2.860.15
Smoking, %40.6 (13)28.2 (11)20.7 (6)0.23
Hypertension, %50.0 (16)51.3 (20)41.4 (12)0.70
Diabetes, %21.9 (7)15.4 (6)17.2 (5)0.77
Stroke history, %3.1 (1)2.6 (1)3.4 (1)0.98
Follow-up period (d)456.28 ± 27.86460.08 ± 32.91460.97 ± 33.610.82
Table 2 Changes in blood lipids
Item
Group I (n = 32)
Group II (n = 39)
Group III (n = 29)
P value
LDL-C (mmoL/L)
Baseline2.35 ± 0.672.88 ± 1.003.17 ± 0.980.02
Follow-up2.72 ± 0.572.84 ± 0.712.12 ± 0.45< 0.001
Change0.41 ± 0.40-0.04 ± 0.51-1.05 ± 0.75< 0.001
HDL-C (mmoL/L)
Baseline1.16 ± 2.921.34 ± 0.991.0 ± 0.291.37
Follow-up1.04 ± 0.221.33 ± 0.761.14 ± 0.220.08
Change-0.12 ± 0.17-0.01 ± 0.290.14 ± 0.19< 0.001
TC (mmoL/L)
Baseline3.89 ± 0.734.74 ± 1.054.56 ± 1.210.04
Follow-up3.99 ± 0.644.64 ± 0.774.12 ± 0.830.002
Change0.11 ± 0.22-0.10 ± 0.59-0.33 ± 0.580.011
TG (mmoL/L)
Baseline1.65 ± 0.871.09 ± 0.591.44 ± 0.950.06
Follow-up1.65 ± 0.531.39 ± 0.411.36 ± 0.560.08
Change-0.02 ± 0.890.05 ± 1.27-0.03 ± 0.690.94
Table 3 Medication application
Item
Group I (n = 32)
Group II (n = 39)
Group III (n = 29)
P value
Baseline
Aspirin34.3 (11)23.1 (9)34.5 (10)0.48
β-receptor blocker15.6 (5)7.7 (3)20.7 (6)0.30
ACEI/ARB15.6 (5)10.3 (4)10.3 (3)0.75
CCB12.5 (4)17.9 (7)24.1 (7)0.50
Statins9.4 (3)7.7 (3)13.8 (4)0.70
Glucose-lowering treatment18.8 (6)7.7 (3)17.2 (5)0.32
Follow-up
Aspirin28.1 (9)20.5 (8)34.5 (10)0.43
β-receptor blocker12.5 (4)7.7 (3)20.7 (6)0.30
ACEI/ARB18.8 (6)12.8 (5)13.8 (4)0.77
CCB12.5 (4)12.8 (5)17.2 (5)0.84
Glucose-lowering treatment18.8 (6)10.3 (4)17.2 (5)0.55
Types of statins during follow-up0.27
Atorvastatin46.9 (15)51.3 (20)58.6 (17)
Simvastatin31.3 (10)33.3 (13)27.6 (8)
Pravastatin3.1 (1)0 (0)3.4 (1)
Rosuvastatin15.6 (5)12.8 (5)10.3 (3)
Fluvastatin3.1 (1)2.6 (1)0 (0)
Table 4 Changes of coronary plaque characteristics
Item
Group I (n = 32)
Group II (n = 39)
Group III (n = 29)
P value
Total number of plaques (n)1505646
Number of plaques, per person1.56 ± 0.621.43 ± 0.751.52 ± 0.790.70
Length (mm), per plaque10.19 ± 5.129.97 ± 4.708.84 ± 3.730.32
Plaque nature0.94
Non-calcified54.0 (27)57.1 (32)56.5 (26)
Mixed46.0 (23)42.9 (24)43.5 (20)
Lesion number0.65
Single-vessel53.1 (17)64.1 (25)62.1 (18)
Double-vessel31.3 (10)30.8 (12)27.6 (8)
Triple-vessel/left main15.6 (5)5.1 (2)10.3 (3)
Most severe plaque volume (5 mm), per plaque
Baseline, mm38.18 ± 5.828.34 ± 5.318.03 ± 5.480.96
Follow-up, mm310.19 ± 5.6610.38 ± 5.816.67 ± 4.990.001
Plaque volume change, mm32.01 ± 1.022.03 ± 1.35-1.36 ± 1.94< 0.001
Plaque volume percentage change, %7.24 ± 4.956.98 ± 5.18-3.48 ± 4.74< 0.001
Plaque volume, per plaque
Baseline, mm314.79 ± 15.1114.76 ± 11.9711.28 ± 9.530.29
Follow-up, mm317.82 ± 16.7517.41 ± 13.589.58 ± 7.950.002
Plaque volume change, mm33.09 ± 2.932.64 ± 3.12-1.79 ± 3.04< 0.001
Plaque volume percentage change, %5.38 ± 6.095.05 ± 4.82-2.04 ± 3.68< 0.001
CACS2
Baseline41.22 ± 55.0445.44 ± 31.82101.00 ± 210.440.40
Follow-up51.72 ± 65.7656.78 ± 35.18114.45 ± 229.930.44
CACS change10.5 ± 11.6211.22 ± 7.0713.46 ± 20.120.86
CACS percentage change, %89.32 ± 147.8135.45 ± 21.7940.65 ± 46.440.35
Baseline RI0.96 ± 0.301.00 ± 0.350.96 ± 0.350.74
Follow-up RI1.06 ± 0.351.12 ± 0.320.97 ± 0.320.10